Commercial Activities in Relation to PEMFCs

At present, PEMFC batteries and power plants based on such batteries are produced on a commercial scale by a number of companies in many conntries. As a rule, the standard battery version of the 1990s is used in these batteries, although in certain cases different ways of eliminating water and regulating the water balance (water management) have been adopted. 

Ballard Power Systems (Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada) started research in PEMFC manufacturing technology in 1989, and between 1992 and 1994 delivered a few prototypes of power units in different sizes. The first commercial unit, which had 1.2 k W of power, was made in 2001. At present, this company produces different types of power units between 4 and 21 k W for different applications electric cars, power backup, and plants for heat and power cogeneration 

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