Commelina

Fig. 8. ABA accumulation in detached root tops (apical 20-30 mm) of Commelina as a function of root tip turgor. Root tips were excised from well-watered plants and dried in air at 23 °C in the dark until different percentages of fresh weight had been lost. This process took between 5 and 20 min. The samples were then maintained at the various water contents for 7 h prior to measurements of water relations and ABA content. Points are means s.e. of at least four measurements. Modified from Zhang Davies (1987).

Fig. 9. Leaf water potential and turgor, abaxial stomatal conductance, and ABA content of abaxial epidermis of leaves of Commelina plants which were grown with their root systems divided between two pots. Water was either applied daily to both halves of the root system (A) or was withheld from one half of the root system after day 1 of the experimental period (A). Points for water relations and conductance are means s.e. Modified from Zhang, Schurr Davies (1987).

Pantoja, O. Willmer, C.M. (1986). Pressure effects on membrane potentials of mesophyll cell protoplasts and epidermal cell protoplasts of Commelina communis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 37, 315-20. 

Goto, T., Takase, S., and Kondo, T., PMR spectra of natural acylated anthocyanins determination of stereostructure of awobanin, shisonin and violanin (Commelina communis, Viola tricolor, Perilla orimoides). Tetrahedron Lett, 27, 2413, 1978. Agrawal, P.K., NMR spectroscopy in the structural elucidation of ohgosaccharides and glycosides, Phytochemistry, 31, 3307, 1992. 

Kondo, T. et al.. Structural basis of blue-color development in flower petals from Commelina communis. Nature, 358, 515, 1992. 

Commelina communis L. Ya Zhi Cao (Dayflower) (aerial part) Awobanin, commelin, flavocommelitin 33 Antibacterial, antipyretic, diuretic, antiedematic. 

Linum stelleroides Planch., L. usitatissimum L., Commelina communis L. 

P bistorta, P. lapidosa, P. manshuriensis, P vivipara, Psidium guajava, Saururus chinensis, Vaccinium bracteatum, V. vitis-idaea Commelina communis... 

C. ternata Cnidium monnieri Hierochloe odorata Commelina communis... 

Cotinus coggygria, Gleditsia horrida, G. sinensis, G. xylocarpa, Pistacia lentiscus Dryopteris laeta, D. filix-mas Dryopteris crassirhizoma Commelina communis... 

Little chemistry of the family is known alkaloids have not been reported except in an obscure Korean reference to Commelina communis. 

DPA did not cause stomatal closure In any of the species tested, while the effect of PA ranged from a response as rapid as that caused by ABA in Commelina, to a less rapid closure than after ABA treatment in Amaranthus, Hordeum, Xanthium, and Zea, to no response at all in Vicia (76). 

Few studies on the localization of the starch biosynthetic enzymes were done before 1978, when it was found that ADPGlc PPase was located exclusively in the chloroplast fraction in both spinach (Mares et al., 1978) and pea (Levi and Preiss, 1978). The first detailed study was done by Okita et al. (1979), in which spinach leaf chloroplasts were isolated either by differential centrifugation (Walker, 1971 see also later) or from protoplasts (Nishimura et al, 1976). These plastid preparations contained essentially all of the activity of the starch biosynthetic enzymes, ADPGlc PPase, starch synthase, and branching enzyme. Subsequently, in guard cells of Commelina communis, Robinson and Preiss (1987) showed that the starch biosynthetic enzymes were present exclusively in the chloroplast fraction. 

Robinson, N and Preiss, J. 1987. Localization of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in guard cells of Commelina communis. Plant Physiol. 85, 360-364. 

Parmar, P.N., and Brearley, C.A., 1995, Metabolism of 3- and 4- phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols in stomatal guard cells of Commelina communis L. Plant J. 8 425033. Pennycooke, J.C., Jones, M.L., and Stushnoff, C., 2003, Down-regulating alpha-galactosidase enhances freezing tolerance in transgenic petunia. Plant Physiol. 133(2) 901-909. 

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