5. columbianum

Abbreviations used H.c. Haemonchus contortus O.c., Ostertagia circumcincta T.a., Trichostrongylus axei T.C., Trichostrongylus colubriformis C. spp., Cooperia spp. O.C., Oesophagustomum columbianum. 

SOURCE Roots of Aconitum napellus, A. Columbianum, A. ferox, and many others. Also present in seeds and, in small amounts, in all other parts of the plant. 

The Russian workers reported that an alkaloid, columbianine, having the same structure as (3) had been isolated from Aconitum columbianum by Professor O. E. Edwards group at the National Research Council of Canada. 

In 1975 Soviet workers reported (99) the isolation and structure elucidation of a new amorphous alkaloid designated as aconorine (C32H44N2O7) from the roots of A. orientate Mill. It formed a perchlorate salt, mp 237°. On the basis of chemical studies and spectral analysis, they assigned (99) structure 79 to aconorine. This paper reported (99) that an alkaloid, columbianine, having the same structure as aconorine, had been isolated from A. columbianum by the Edwards research group at the National Research Council of Canada. 

Aconitum orientate, A. columbianum Spectral and chemical data Ref. 99... 

Aconitine, 1170, 1188, 1506, 1508 Aconitine-induced arrhythmia, 1511 Aconitine type, 933 Aconitorientaline, 935 Aconitum, 1188, 1505 A. carmichaelii, 1505 A. columbianum, 1505 A.ferox, 1505 A. karakolicum, 1512 A. lycoctonum, 1505 A. napellus, 1505 Acorus calamus, 4095 Acquired resistance, 3976 Acridone, 717 Acronychia, 723... 

Mescal bean (Frijolito), Sophora secundiflora Mistletoes, Phoradendron serotinum Monkshood (Wolfsbane), Aconitum columbianum Mushroom (toadstools). Amanita muscaria, Amantia verna, Chlorophyllum molybdites. 

Chivers, D.P., E.L. Wildy A.R. Blaustein. 1997b. Eastern long-toed salamander (Amby-stoma macrodactylum columbianum) larvae recognize cannibalistic conspecifics. Ethology 103 187-197. 

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