Colorectal cancer clinical risk factors

In summary, the true association between most dietary factors and the risk of colon cancer is unclear. The protective effects of fiber, calcium, and a diet low in fat are not completely known. Lifestyle factors such as NSAID use and hormone use appear to decrease the risk of colorectal cancer, whereas physical inactivity, alcohol use, and smoking appear to increase the risk of colon cancer. Clinical risk factors and genetic mutations are well-known risks for colon cancer. 

The role of Schistosoma japonicum in cancer occnrrence is less clear, although this parasite has been associated with both liver and colorectal cancer. Some epidemiological and clinical stndies in China and Japan snpport its role as one of the risk factors in HCC formation. Experimental stndies have shown that liver cancer appears early in experimentally S. japonicum infected animals (Khurana et al. 2005). 

Foster JH (1978) Survival after liver resection for secondary tumors. Am J Surg 135 390-394 Gayowski TJ, Iwatsuki S, Madariaga JR, et al (1994) Experience in hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer analysis of clinical and pathologic risk factors. Surgery 116 703-711... 

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