Coloration cationic materials

U.S. 5514369 (1996) Salka etal. (Henkel) Alkyl poly glycosides, betain, and polymeric slip agents Mild to skin and eyes more efficient deposition of antidandruff agents anionic surfactant free compatible with cationic materials such as conditioners and colorants... 

The traditional use of dyes is in the coloration of textiles, a topic covered in considerable depth in Chapters 7 and 8. Dyes are almost invariably applied to the textile materials from an aqueous medium, so that they are generally required to dissolve in water. Frequently, as is the case for example with acid dyes, direct dyes, cationic dyes and reactive dyes, they dissolve completely and very readily in water. This is not true, however, of every application class of textile dye. Disperse dyes for polyester fibres, for example, are only sparingly soluble in water and are applied as a fine aqueous dispersion. Vat dyes, an important application class of dyes for cellulosic fibres, are completely insoluble materials but they are converted by a chemical reduction process into a water-soluble form that may then be applied to the fibre. There is also a wide range of non-textile applications of dyes, many of which have emerged in recent years as a result of developments in the electronic and reprographic... 

The fabrication of lasers based upon color centers adds a further dimension to the laser wavelengths available. Ordinary F centers do not exhibit laser action, but F centers that have a dopant cation next to the anion vacancy are satisfactory. These are typified by FLi centers, which consist of an F center with a lithium ion neighbor (Fig. 9.26a). Crystals of KC1 or RbCl doped with LiCl, containing FLi centers have been found to be good laser materials yielding emission lines with wavelengths between 2.45 and 3.45 p,m. A unique property of these crystals is that in the excited state an anion adjacent to the FLi center moves into an interstitial position... 

The 2,5-dihydro-l,2,3,5-thiatriazole 1-oxides react with phosphorous pentachloride (or penta-bromide) in chloroform to give yellow 2/f-l,2,3,5-thiatriazol-l-ium salts (16). The salts are very sensitive to moisture and hydrolyze back to the starting material. The structure is determined by x-ray crystallography. The yellow color is due to the extended delocalization of the cation which gives rise to a broad band system in the 300 nm to 450 nm range in the absorption spectrum. Upon treatment with sodium or potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane a 2,5-dihydro-l,2,3,5-thiatriazol-5-yl... 

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