Colloidal solution extraction

Tyj)e of dryer Applicable with dry-product recirculation True and colloidal solutions emulsions. Examples inorganic salt solutions, extracts, milk, blood, waste liquors, rubber latex, etc. Pumpable suspensions. Examples pigment slurries, soap and detergents, calcium carbonate, bentonite, clay sbp, lead concentrates, etc. does not dust. Recirculation of product may prevent sticking Examples filter-press cakes, sedimentation sludges, centrifuged sobds, starch, etc. 

Colloidal Tellurium.—On reduction of dilute solutions of tellurium dioxide or telluric acid by means of hydrazine, hydroxylamine, hypo-phosphorous acid, sulphurous acid or salts of these compounds, brown or blue colloidal solutions can be obtained, the stability of which is greatly increased by the presence of an organic colloid such as gum arabic, sodium lysalbate or sodium protalbate.8 Similarly the addition of an extract of the seeds of Plantago psyllium, in amount not exceeding 0-3 per cent., renders extremely stable the sols obtained by the reduction of telluric acid with hydrazine hydrate.9 Stable sols may also be obtained by the reduction of telluric acid with dextrose in the presence of ammonia. Dialysis does not completely remove the adsorbed dextrose and this undoubtedly contributes to the remarkable stability.10 The particles of colloidal tellurium in these sols are negatively charged. 

As mentioned above, the stability of colloidal metal solutions is considerably enhanced by the addition of certain organic substances or protective colloids. For example, gelatin has been frequently employed, 0-5 gram per litre of colloidal solution proving very effective in preventing the coagulation or precipitation of the metal.2 Extracts of Iceland moss3 and of quince seed 4 have also been recommended. 

This fraction was obtained by precipitation with acetone from an ethereal extract of the cells. It formed acidic colloidal solutions with water and contained 0.37% nitrogen and 2.16% phosphorus. On hydrolysis with 5% sulfuric acid, 33.6% of water-soluble components and 65% of fatty acids were obtained. The hydrolysate contained glycerophos-phoric acid, inositol, D-mannose, and an unidentified hexose, which... 

Absorbents, such as kaolin (a hydrated aluminum silicate clay mineral), pectin (a complex carbohydrate often extracted from fruits), and atta-pulgite (a hydrated magnesium aluminum silicate clay mineral), form a thickening powder that absorbs excess fluid and any bacterial toxins present (action of kaolin and attapulgite) and increases the consistency of the stool by forming a viscous colloidal solution (action of pectin). However, these agents may also absorb essential body enzymes and nutrients. 

When the colloidal solution of germanium phenylfluoronate is shaken with CCU, the precipitate agglomerates at the interface. After removal of nearly all the CCLt and the aqueous solution (containing the excess of phenylfluorone), the precipitate is dissolved in acetone and the absorbance measured [21]. High sensitivity (e= 1.2-10 at 495 nm) is obtained, if phenylfluorone is added to a chloroform extract of Ge complex with N-p-chlorophenyl-2-furohydroxamic acid [8]. A DMF solution of phenylfluorone was also added to a toluene extract of GeCL (e = 7.1 10 at 525 nm [3].An aqueous solution of Ge was also... 

Humic matters are present in almost all natural waters. They are extracted from soil and peat. The solubility of the constituents of the soil humus depends on the type of soil, period of contact with water, pH of the water and its composition, and depending on such factors, the humic materials are present as either true or colloid solutions. In waters from peat moors the concentration of humic matters is usually tens of mg 1 . In some stationary waters as much as 500 mg 1 can be found. In waters from peat moors a low pH is typical (it can be lower than 4), high oxidation potential and the presence of iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen (anaerobic processes). Iron and other metals are present in an organic complex form and they are difficult to remove [52, 53]. 

Colloidal Characteristics.—In secretions and extracts, enzymes are closely accompanied by inert colloids, usually proteins, the removal of which is the greatest problem in purification. However, even when in the highest state of purity yet attained, ensymes themselves are colloidal solutes of low diffusibility and high molecular weight. 

Bramley, A.S., Hounslow, M.J. and Ryall, R.L., 1996a. Aggregation during precipitation from solution A method for extracting rates from experimental data. Journal of Colloid and Interfacial Science, 183, 155-165. 

Discussion. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (B) reacts with a weakly acidic or ammoniacal solution of copper(II) in low concentration to produce a brown colloidal suspension of the copper(II) diethyldithiocarbamate. The suspension may be extracted with an organic solvent (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride or butyl acetate) and the coloured extract analysed spectrophotometrically at 560 nm (butyl acetate) or 435 nm (chloroform or carbon tetrachloride). 

An unusual reaction is used to form a KRe 4 HjO. The reduction of potassium perrhenate in en-H20 solutions by potassium metal yields a white solid containing the Rh ion mixed with KOH. Extraction with isopropyl alcohol gives a colloidal brown liquid containing a mixture of KOH, isopropyl alcohol and the rhenidc. Fractional extraction of the liquid gives a gray solid that contains 5.5-60% KRe 4 HjO... 

The earlier studies of aqueous solution of Cd2+ containing mercaptan were found to produce colloidal CdS by sonication [89] under nitrogen atmosphere. The H atoms produced during sonication attacked on molecules possessing a thiol moiety and lead to either H atoms extraction or H2S formation. The proportion of H2 to H2S was highly dependent on the type of mercaptan. Possible reaction mechanism was reported as follows [90],... 

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