Colloid thrusters

Lozano, P. C. Studies on the Ion-Droplet Mixed Regime in Colloid Thrusters. Ph.D. Thesis [Online], Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, January 2003. http //theses.mit.edU/Dienst/UI/2.0/Describe/0018.mit. etheses%2f2003-l (accessed Nov 7, 2004). 

Hmby MG-CV, Falkos P, Shenoy S. Micro newton colloid thruster system development. 27th international electric propulsion conference. 2001. 

Ionic liquids used as propellants for iEPS do not need to be energetic as it was the case previously, but they must satisfy the requirement to change the classical operation mode from a droplet dominated emission mode (as it is the case for colloid thrusters) to a pure ion emission regime. ILs classically used for iEPS comprise EMIM-BF4, EMIM-Im and EMIM-Beti (Fig. 12) (Daily, 2008 Ticknor et al., 2010 Legge Lozano, 2011). 

Huang et al. produced nanostmctured ZnO using microwave hydrothermal synthesis. In a typical synthesis process, Zn(N03>2 was dissolved in deionized water. NaOH was added to form a colloid solution. The solution was transferred into an autoclave and treated at 140 °C for 20 min, under temperature-conbolled mode or at 3.0 MPa for 20 min under pressure-controlled mode in a MDS-6 microwave hydrothermal system. ZnO nanostrucured forms such as rods, wires, thrusters, dandelions and spindles were formed using different temperature and pressure conditions. Figure 6.7 suggests a mechanism of this multi-structure formation. 

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