Cold plasma processing

Hydrogen reduction of oxides as well as gasification reactions, solid-state synthesis, and surface treatment processes can be focused on a thin layer of a flat surface and stimulated by non-thermal plasma (Te > To). Similar to the powder-related cold plasma processes, thin-layer processes in cold gas can also be limited by surface temperature. Again, VT nonequilibrium (Te > Tv > To) in this case can provide surface temperatures (Tg) significantly exceeding the gas temperatme (To), because surface VT relaxation is much faster than that in the gas phase. The non-equilibrium heating of a thin layer can be accomplished by... 

Balzer Co., The industrialization of the cold plasma process for the pretreatment of polypropylene Bumpers, Company Report, 1995. 

Nohara LB, Filho GP, Nohara EL, Kleinke MU, Rezende MC. Evaluation of carbon fibre surface treated by chemical and cold plasma processes. Mater Res 2005 8 281-286. 

Grbning P. Cold plasma processes in surface science and technology. In Nalwa HS, editor. Handbook of thin film materials, vol. 1 deposition and processing of thin films. California, USA Stanford Scientific Corporation 2002. 

Herberts T. Atmospheric-pressure cold plasma processing technology. In Shishoo, editor. Plasma Technologies for textiles. Wood-head Publishing Ltd Cambridge, England 2007. 

For the sake of formality, it should be added that recently more and more attention has been focused on the cold plasma processes performed under atmospheric pressure conditions (Belmonte et al., 2011). However, plasma processes carried out under low pressure are, so far, still dominating in the cold plasma technology. 

Electric discharge (corona, cold plasma) is another method of physical treatment. Corona treatment is one of the most interesting techniques for surface oxidation activation. This process changes the surface energy of the cellulose fibers [28]. In the case of wood surface activation it increases the amount of aldehyde groups [291. 

Partial oxidation is also mentioned as a process to convert ethanol to hydrogen.124 Another novel technology for ethanol to hydrogen has been described by Toci and Modica.125 It is based on cracking ethanol vapors by "cold-plasma-chemical processing" in the presence of a Ni-based catalyst. 

Glow discharge or "cold" plasmas are gaining increased currency for the deposition of novel and potentially valuable macromolecular coatings. The range of properties attainable by a plasma-polymer is wide, and depends critically on such variables of the plasma deposition process as choice of monomer, substrate temperature (T ), power density (p), the excitation frequency (v), and others incluSing monomer flow rate, reactor geometry, etc... Control over these variables can produce crossllnked, dense deposits which adhere tenaciously to... 

A third advantage that matrix isolation has over frozen solvents is that the reactive intermediates must not necessarily be generated in situ, but can be made by flash vacuum pyrolysis or in plasma processes prior to their quenching with an excess of the host gas on the cold surface. Of course, this considerably widens the range of reactive intermediates that can be investigated, beyond those that require photolysis or some form of radiolysis for their formation. 

Sputtering Method. The high-voltage (around 1000 V) and low-current (microampere) plasma process is called glow discharge. Under this plasma condition (cold plasma), solid materials are sputtered by the bombardment of accelerated positive... 

Electric arc processes have been given a new lease on fife in the guise of plasma reactors, especially those involving cold, or nonthermal plasmas, with electron temperatures of I (E-IO5 K and gas temperatures of 102-103 K. Plasmas of this kind can be used to activate and functionalize inert molecules, but usually with only poor selectivities and low energy yields ( 0.01 mol/kWh ). The use of catalytic additives may offer some potential for improvement, but reactive plasma processes will probably remain restricted to a few specific applications. 

In this study, breakthrough and desorption experiments were performed in activated carbon and zeolite SA beds to study the adsorption characteristics of binary and ternary hydrogen mixture gas (H2/CH4 43/57 and H2/CO/CO2 39.3/35.4/25.3 vol.%). The ternary mixture is the pseudo composition of effluent gas from incinerator for pyrolysis gasification while the binary mixture is the converted mixture gas from LNG by the cold plasma reaction. The ultimate purpose of this study is to find out the optimum condition for obtaining high purity hydrogen from H2 mixtures by using PSA process. 

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