Cold-lining process

Case Study. Such a situation was found to occur in the duct network shown in Fig. 21 and installed to extract iron oxide dust at various points along a cold strip processing line. The stated problems were insufficient suction at the hoods, buildup of contaminant in the hoods and along the processing line (causing cleanup problems due to eventual mixing with hydraulic fluid, lubricant, water, etc.). Analysis of the system found the following ... 

The cold lime process is slow, and gets slower as the temperature gets colder. For very cold waters, there is the danger of postprecipitation elsewhere in the facility, as some of the reactions will not be completed in the lime softener, and will continue into the transfer lines. 

Figure 5-14 Log-log Plot of the Apparent Viscosity at 100 versus Total Solids of Tomato Concentrates from Hot-break Nova Tomato Concentrates, and 934 Hot-break and Cold-break Process The Slopes of the Lines Were 2.7,2.4, and 2.5, Respectively.

Adhesive materials used in vinyl lamination processes are discussed in detail. Characteristics of cold line epoxies and water-based emulsions are discussed. Information is presented on the lamination processes and applying the adhesive. Vinyls most commonly used are said to be Opaque Top Printed Laminate (OTPL)ZKlear View, Opaque Embossed (OE)/Solid Colour Film, Reverse Printed (RP) and Top Printed (TP). 

Wrought aluminum products are produced by all of the standard hot- and cold-working processes. In general, the commercial alloys and tempers cross product lines. As such the main effect of various products on corrosion is that attributable to variations in grain structure, as discussed in the previous section. 

Fig. 4. (a) Process streams ia heat-exchange network where A and B represent hot streams, C and D cold streams, (b) The soHd lines represent superstreams, composites constmcted from the process streams of (a). The dashed line represents the hot stream horizontally repositioned to generate a... 

Measurement of Residual Stress and Strain. The displacement of the 2 -value of a particular line in a diffraction pattern from its nominal, nonstressed position gives a measure of the amount of stress retained in the crystaUites during the crystallization process. Thus metals prepared in certain ways (eg, cold rolling) have stress in their polycrystalline form. Strain is a function of peak width, but the peak shape is different than that due to crystaUite size. Usually the two properties, crystaUite size and strain, are deterrnined together by a computer program. 

In the calcium refining process, the chromium reacts with calcium vapor at about 1000°C ia a titanium-lined bomb, which is first evacuated and then heated to the proper temperature. A pressure of about 2.7 Pa (20 p.m Hg) is maintained during heating until the calcium vapor reaches the cold end of the bomb and condenses. This allows the calcium vapor to pass up through the chromium metal where it reacts with the oxygen. Metal obtained by this process contains 0.027 wt % oxygen, 0.0018 wt % nitrogen, 0.008 wt % carbon, 0.012 wt % sulfur, and 0.015 wt % iron. 

Tank material A mild-steel (MS) tank, with a wall thickness of 4-6 mm, and having an acid-proof lining of FRP (fibre-reinforced plastic), rubber or PVC will be suitable for this purpose. A healing arrangement, even if a cold process is adopted, will be ideal for... 

E-beam is a relatively cold process and so is more suitable for heat-sensitive substrates. UV lamps emit about one third UV light and the rest is visible and IR. Consequently substrates can get very hot, even causing fires if they become stuck beneath the lamp. Safety shutters which close if the line stops are installed on many UV bulbs. 

When the airflow meets a surface whose temperature is lower than the dewpoint, water vapor from the air condenses on the surface of the cooling coil. If all air comes into contact with the cold surface, the state of the air after the process will be at point 3. Some air always escapes the cold surface, and therefore the state of air after contact with the coil is a mixture of saturated air (3) and escaped air (1). The mixing point (2) lies on the line connecting points 1 and 3, as shown in Example 8. The nearer point 2 is to point 3, the more effective is the cooling coil. 

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