Coding by multiple

Arrestin recruitment can also be compared between diiierent substitution point mutants of the same receptor. Such comparisons may yield information about key residues for arrestin recruitment, for example, the respective roles of specific phosphorylation sites in the receptor C-terminal (BusiUo et al., 2010 de Mimnik et al., 2015). Substitution of some of these potential phosphorylation sites, but not others, may result in the absence of detectable arrestin recruitment. One conundrum of such analyses is that amino acid substitutions in the receptor may alter the sensitivity of the BRET system via conformational effects. This is illustrated by an example in which BusiUo et al. foimd that alanine substitutions of phosphorylation sites in the CXCR4 C-terminal could lead to increased BB T efficiency—the authors concluded a conformational effect (BusiUo et al., 2010). Because these effects may also decrease (or abolish) BRET efficiency for purely technical reasons (and not as an intrinsic property of the mutant receptors), we recommend to gather complementary evidence before concluding on the efficacy of arrestin recruitment. Alternative interpretations such as the occurrence of different arrestin recruitment modalities to different receptor mutants should also be considered. This applies in particular to mutations of phosphorylation sites, as the intricate receptor phosphorylation patterns (bar-codes) by multiple kinases are known to determine the recruited arrestin species (Nobles et al., 2011). 

Generator matrix The k x n matrix that produces a codeword (of length n) of a block code, by multiplication by the information block (of length k). 

The construction of a wafer fabrication facility involves numerous complex building and fire codes. The application and enforcement of these codes, by multiple building and fire code officials, with varying levels of understanding and expertise, add an additional level of complexity in the... 

A second mechanism of resistance involves alterations in PBPs which affect binding of /3-lactams. These changes have been found to occur by multiple substitutions through recombination rather than point mutations. Acquired penicillin resistance in Strep, pneumoniae is because of such gene mosaics which code for an altered yet functional PBP with reduced affinity for penicillin. Sections of the susceptible PBP gene have been replaced by other DNA sequences, presumably via transformation. 

Neurofibromatosis type 1, a familial disorder characterized by multiple benign tumors of certain glial cells, is due to a mutation in the gene that codes for one form of GAP that regulates Ras [34], The mutation in GAP that leads to neurofibromatosis renders GAP unable to activate GTPase activity of Ras. This means that the GTP-bound form of Ras remains active for abnormally long periods of time, which leads to abnormal cellular growth. 

Sette, C., Vicini, E. and Conti, M. The rat PDE3/IVd phosphodiesterase gene codes for multiple proteins differentially activated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 269 18171-18174,1994. 

Optical Code Division Multiple Access Fundamentals and Applications, edited by Paul R. Prucnal... 

In the International Tables of Crystallography, for each of the 230 space groups the list of all the Wyckoff positions is reported. For each of the positions (the general and the special ones) the coordinate triplets of the equivalent points are also given. The different positions are coded by means of the Wyckoff letter, a, b, c, etc., starting with a for the position with the lowest multiplicity and continuing in alphabetical order up to the general position. 

More Efficient Computations by Using Parallelized Code in Multiple Processors. 

There were multiple convergence test failures preceded by multiple error test failures on the last attempted step. This may be an indication that your problem is ill-posed, or not solvable with this code, or that there is a discontinuity or singularity in the equations. A discontinuity requires a restart from that point (t,Y), using the new equation forms. 

Enzymes which exist in multiple forms within a single species of organism or even in a single cell are called isoenzymes or isozymes. Such multiple forms can be detected and separated by gel electrophoresis of cell extracts. Since they are coded by different genes, they differ in amino acid composition and thus in their isoelectric pH values. Lactate dehydrogenase is an example for the isoenzymes which occur as five different forms in the tissues of the human and other vertebrates. All the five isozymes catalyze the same reaction. 

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