Cobalt oxide electrodes

Palmas, S., F. Ferrara, A. Vacca, M. Mascia, and A. M. Polcaro. 2007. Behavior of cobalt oxide electrodes during oxidative processes in alkaline medium. Electrochimica Acta 53 400-406. 

Chen CH, Liu J, Stoll ME, Henriksen G, Vissers DR, Amine K (2004) Aluminum-doped lithium nickel cobalt oxide electrodes for high-power lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 128 278-285... 

Ravdel BA (1994) Kinetics of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide Electrode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries. Proceedings of the 186th Meeting of the Electrochem Soc. Miami Beach, Florida, Oct. 9-14, 1994. Abstract 638... 

Savy M. Oxygen reduction in alkaline solution on semiconducting cobalt oxide electrodes. Electrochim Acta 1968 13 1359-76. 

Since the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen is very slow at room temperature, catalysts are incorporated in the carbon electrodes. At the anode, suitable catalysts are finely divided into platinum or palladium at the cathode, cobaltous oxide, or silver. The two halfreactions shown above yield the overall result as ... 

Wang, X., et ah, A graphene-cobalt oxide based needle electrode for non-enzymaticglucose detection in micro-droplets. Chemical Communications, 2012. 48(52) p. 6490-6492. 

In this section, we present material dealing with the direct oxidation and reduction of a variety of organocobalt species, including complexes with more than one cobalt center, electrodes functionalized with cobalt complexes, cobalt-containing SchifF-base complexes, cobalt porphyrins and corroles, and macrocyclic tetraamines. 

A nonactive electrode may include noble metals such as gold, silver, and platinum, the so-called sp-metals such as In, Ga, Cd, Bi, as well as transition (or d) metals such as nickel or cobalt. Carbon electrodes and semiconductors such as indium tin oxide [1], diamond [2], and conducting polymers may fall into the category of nonactive electrodes in appropriate solutions, as do composite materials that contain metal oxides or chalcogenides. The behavior of active electrodes in nonaqueous solution is discussed separately in the next chapter. 

Spataru, T., Roman, E. and Spataru, N. (2004), Electrodeposition of cobalt oxide on conductive diamond electrodes for catalytic sensor applications. Rev. Roum. Chim., 49(6) 525-530. 

The first investigation of Li Co02 was carried out by Mizushima et al. in 1980," where the material was suggested as a possible positive electrode for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. In 1991 Sony Corporation commercialized the first lithium-ion battery in which lithium cobalt oxide was used as the positive electrode and graphite (carbon) as the negative electrode. Since then, LiCo02 has been the most widely used cathode material in commercial hthium-ion batteries and retains its industrial importance as a cathode material. 

Figure 1. SEM images of different electrodeposited metal oxide nanoparticles Ti02 nanotube arrays grown on Ti substrate(a) cobalt oxide nanoparticles onto glassy carbon electrode (b) nickel oxide nanoparticles(c) and zinc oxide nanoparticles Reproduced from references [ 138],[ 102],[ 137] and [135] with permission from Elsevier.

---