Coaxial jets

Zhivov, A. M. 1.985. The interaction of axially symmetric coaxial jets m free and confined con--ditions. In Turbulent Jet Flows Theses of Reports of Fifth All Union Scientific Conference on Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Turbulent Flows, parr I, pp. 27-.12. Estoni.an Academy of Sciences, Tallinn. 

With these assumptions one may readily solve the coaxial jet problem. The only differential equation that one is obliged to consider is... 

S. V. Apte, K. Mahesh, P. Moin, and J. C. Oefelein. Large-eddy simulation of swirling particle-laden flows in a coaxial-jet combustor. Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 29(8) 1311-1331, 2003. 

Using special strategies such as those involving, e.g., a coaxial jet mixer [79], a packed bed connector [80] or a metal helix insertion [66]. 

L.D. Scampavia, G. Blankenstein, J. Ruzicka, G.D. Christian, A coaxial jet mixer for rapid kinetic analysis in flow injection and flow injection cytometry, Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 2743. 

Favre-Marinet, M., E. B. Camano, and J. Sarboch. 1999. Near-field of coaxial jets with large density differences. E.xperiments Fluids 26 97-106. 

Figure 15.1 Coaxial jet spray combustor 1 — primary and secondary fuel lines 2 — primary speaker 3 — secondary speaker 4 — inlet section 5 — combustion section p — primary fuel nozzle s — secondary fuel nozzle and m — fuel-modulation nozzle.

Design basis 177 Coaxial jet mixer design 178 Side entry jet mixer design 180 Use of tubular jet mixers 180... 

Two common types of jet mixer, the coaxial jet mixer and the side-entry jet mixer, are shown in Figure 9.2. In the coaxial jet mixer the jet stream is introduced through a small-diameter pipe running concentrically inside a large-diameter pipe. In the side-entry jet mixer, the jet stream is injected radially into the main pipe flow. 

Figure 9.2 Tubular jet mixers. (a) Coaxial jet mixer (h) side-entry jet mixer...

In the coaxial jet mixer the jet flow is introduced through a small pipe running coaxially with a large pipe (see Figure 9.2). The jet expands and entrains and mixes with the secondary liquid. For such a mixer, good mixing will be achieved provided... 

For a coaxial jet mixer, satisfying equations (9.5) and the Ct criterion, the experimental mixing-time data can be correlated by ... 

This type of mixer is more suitable for handling flows of unequal size than the coaxial jet mixer. It is also easier to fabricate and maintain. 

The electrically charged part and coaxial jet shown in Fig. 1.17 allow to obtain core-shell nanofibers (nanochannels and nanocapsules) by coaxial electrospinning. ... 

Figure 1.17 Common setup and electrically charged part for coaxial jet for electrospinning and core-shell nanofibers nanochannel and capsule by coaxial electrospinning. Reprinted from Ref. 45, Copyright 2010, Fengyu Li, Yong Zhao, and Yanlin Song.

Lopez-Herrera JM, Barrero A, Lopez A, Loscertales IG, Marquez M (2003) Coaxial jets generated from electrified Taylor cones. Scaling laws. J Aerosol Sci 34 535-552... 

The ability to execute this method has been proven by Li et al. [37] in a study where pure anatase-titania nanotubes/polymer were obtained. The presence of a sol-gel precursor was required for the formation of a stable and coaxial jet and the formation of hollow fibers with resistant walls. The authors anphasize that the uniform circular cross-section of these fibers, their uniform size, and good spatial orientation, are particularly attractive in the fabrication of devices for fluid transport, as well as guides for optical signals. 

The stresses are generated in the sheath solution cause to the core liquid to deform into the conical shape and a compound coaxial jet develops at the tip of the cones (Fig. 10). 

Figure 9.5 (a) The coaxial double-capillary tip arrangement used in electrospinning core-shell nanofibers. Reprinted with permission from Sun et al. (2003). Copyright 2003. John Wiley Sons, (b) A coaxial tip design used by Larsen et al. (2003) for olive oil-water (liquid-liquid) coaxial jets. The inset shows the double-layered Taylor s cone. Reprinted with permission from Larsen et al. (2003). Copyright 2003. American Chemical Society. 

Moriya, S., et. al. Thermal Striping in Coaxial Jets of Sodium, Water and Air, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Liquid Metal Engineering and Technology - Avignon, France, 1988. 

Fig. 9.29. Typical reacting CFD simulation results and performance evaluation for the coaxial jet tubular LDPE reactor (scaleup factor for diameter is 1 50).

Wicker, R. B., Eaton, J. K. (1999). Effect of injected longitudinal vorticity on particle dispersion in a swirling, coaxial jet. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 121(A), 766-772. 

Note Additional data has been obtained by Walker and McKellar [OlWal] using a coaxial jet mm wave spectrometer. 

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