Coatings alternates

In view of the difficulties in controlling the electroplating of speculum and bronze coatings, alternative preparation routes through the heat treatment of duplex tin and copper electroplated finishes have been proposed. ... 

Figure 7. Nyquist plots - chlorine containing vinyl acrylic coating alternatively immersed in 3 NaCl.

Figure 9. Nyqulst - acrylic and chlorinated rubber coatings alternatively immersed in 1% NaCl.

In spray pyrolysis the precursor reacts thermally in particle form and the product species is deposited as particles on the surface. Such films must be annealed or sintered after the particles have been deposited to make a uniform coating. Alternately, the precursor may be deposited on a heated surface and react thermally upon contact. In this case, any remaining solvent is driven from the surface by evaporation to the gas phase. 

Figure 14. Simultaneous detectiou of both antibodies from human serum. Antigens of H. pylori and E. coli 0157 H7 were coated alternately, as indicated at the bottom of the image. Samples are labeled from SI to SI0 and the contents of the each sample are indicated on the right side of the image. Capital T or TST denotes a positive or negative sample, respectively. For SI to S7, the dilution of serum was 1 100. S8 and S9 were mixed samples of H. jiry/on-positive and E. coli 0157 H7-positive serum. The overall serum dilution was 1 50 for S8 and S9, in order to match the concentration of each antibody to that in the corresponding unmixed serum. For example, the concentration of H. pylori antibody in SI and S8 were equivalent.

Fig. 7.21. Potential profile measured with a SKP at a steel surface coated alternatively with standard primer and a new primer (see text for details) and top coat (based on data in [206])...

Silver is used as a coating material for decoration purposes furthermore its chemical and electrical properties are utilized, respectively, in various equipment and environments in the process industry and in electric contacts and other small components in electrical and electronic equipment. Silver coatings are commonly applied by electrolytic plating (see p. 288). A coating of copper or nickel is often used under the silver top coat. Silver may be attacked by sulphides in industrial atmospheres. To prevent attack, sometimes a thin layer of rhodium is used on top of the silver coating alternatively, a passivating chemical treatment is carried out. 

Sections, 10-12 p thick, were cut from flash-frozen tissue, thaw-mounted on MALDI plates, and dried in a desiccator prior to deposition of the matrix. Sublimation of 2,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid over -4 min resulted in a homogenous 5-10 p coating. Alternatively, the tissue was dry-coated with matrix that was passed through a 20 p sieve for 20 min. Both methods were stable in the vacuum for 24 h, although back-sublimation is a risk that can create artificial analyte concentration gradients. 

Porosity or water permeability (ASTM D1653) is determined by measuring the rate at which water escapes from a cup sealed by a sample of the test coating. Alternatively, the cup can be filled with desiccant and the rate at which water migrates into the cup through the coating is measured. 

Langmuir-Blodgett pseudocrystals. These are usually fabricated from the lead soap compounds (e.g., lead stearate) and are made by coating alternate layers of lead stearate molecules onto a suitable... 

Zinc phosphate layers of Zn3(P04)2 4H2O may be formed directly on zinc or galvanised steel surfaces merely by dipping them in phosphoric acid (conversion coatings). Alternatively, the zinc can be supplied from a solution of Zn( l2P0 2 in H3PO4 (pH 2.5 3.5). ... 

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