Coatings also requirements

Static SIMS is also capable of analyzing liquids and fine particles or powders. A liquid is ofren prepared by putting down an extremely thin layer on a flat substrate, such as a silicon wafer. Particles are easily prepared by pressing them onto doublesided tape. No further sample preparation, such as gold- or carbon-coating, is required. 

Both u.v. radiation and electron beam curing are best suited to flat or nearly flat objects, because the beams are directional and shielding must be avoided. Electron beam curing also requires the coating to be in an oxygen-free gaseous atmosphere. Both techniques cure in a fraction of a second and are suitable for fast, high-volume production lines. 

Scale Up of Process. The scale up of fluidized bed coating processes has received little attention in the literature. Current practices in the pharmaceutical industry are reviewed by Mehta (1988). The basic approach described by Mehta (1988) is to scale the airflow and liquid spray rates based on the cross-sectional area for gas flow. This seems reasonable except for the fact that in the scaling of the equipment, the height of the bed increases with increasing batch size. For this reason, a time scale factor is also required. 

The National Firearms Act of 1934 was rather modest by modern standards. It didn t actually outlaw machine guns or sawed-off shotguns, but it imposed a 200 tax on their manufacture, sale, and ownership—a rather high amount of money at that time. (Because they are short enough to conceal beneath a coat, sawed-off shotguns have long been considered a weapon of particular usefulness to criminals.) The law also required that purchasers of such weapons undergo an FBI bac%round check. 

Flow controllers utilizing conductivity cells can address the problem of variable work flows. Water flows only when needed, and only to a set value of contamination (cleanliness) thus reducing the volume of water requiring management or treatment. Calibration to this set value is a critical activity, and can be confounded by rinsing more than one type of process solution in the same rinse system. The equipment also requires diligent maintenance, since the probes can become coated, and must be cleaned regularly. Installation should account for this eventuality.[19]... 

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