Coating formulations, important structural

Choice from a wide range of radiation curable formulations to achieve the desired target properties of the coatings is of foremost importance (Defoort et al. 2001, Kumar et al. 2006, 2008). Radiation curable formulations typically consist of the oligomer (or prepolymer), reactive diluents, additives, and photoinitiators (in case of UV curing). Therefore, the understanding of the structure-property relationship of the different components of the coating formulation recipe is a must (Ruiz et al. 2002). 

As has already been made clear, interdiffusion is of great importance for the development of the physical properties of latex films [94]. In order to learn how to optimise the performance of a wide variety of coatings formulations, a deeper understanding of the coalescence process is needed. The essential feature that one needs to understand is the role of inter-particle polymer diffusion once the water has evaporated and the nascent film has formed. Although, as reported above, latex film coalescence processes have been studied [90-94], a much better understanding of these processes is needed. In this section, the process of core-shell latex film coalescence and the dynamics of surface structure development of latex films will be discussed in the light of recent MTDSC studies by the authors. 

With the exception of coupling agent technology, primers for structural adhesive bonding have received little theoretical treatment in the literature beyond a discussion of mechanisms of corrosion inhibition by primer additives and limited discussion about statistical techniques for primer formulation. Perhaps because of the much more widespread use and greater economic importance of corrosion-protective coatings, the design and function of primers for these systems have... 

Not mentioned in this review but certainly important to multiscale modeling related to solid mechanics are topics, such as self-assemblies, thin films, thermal barrier coatings, patterning, phase transformations, nanomaterials design, and semiconductors, all of which have an economic motivation for study. Studies related to these types of materials and structures require multiphysics formulations to understand the appropriate thermodynamics, kinetics, and kinematics. 

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