Thick coating films

Fig. 11. Coated film thickness data of the H-dip)-coated EL layer (a) and the PEDOT PSS layer (b) as a function of carrying sp>eed for two gap heights (0.9 and 0.8 mm). The solid curves show the theoretical predictions of the Landau Levich equation. (Park Han, 2009)...

Dong et al. used a copolymer strategy, in which other components are incorporated into the CP to improve its properties, such as adhesion, solubihty, conductivity, and coated film thickness. The copolymer was processed by e-beam hthography followed by a lift-off process to produce individual sub-100 nm nanowires (Figure 10.1) [2]. 

Table 19.1 Coating film thickness and impedance of natural graphite electrodes with and without additives...

Liquid in-mold coatings are primauily two-component urethane systems. The liquid coating is injected into the mold at high pressure. The coating will cure somewhat faster than the parent plastic. The extent of the spread of the coating is dependent on the pressure of injection of the liquid in-mold coating. Film thickness will be dependent on the... 

AppHcation of an adhesion-promoting paint before metal spraying improves the coating. Color-coded paints, which indicate compatibiHty with specific plastics, can be appHed at 20 times the rate of grit blasting, typically at 0.025-mm dry film thickness. The main test and control method is cross-hatch adhesion. Among the most common plastics coated with such paints are polycarbonate, poly(phenylene ether), polystyrene, ABS, poly(vinyl chloride), polyethylene, polyester, and polyetherimide. 

The maximum recommended film thickness is 25 p.m. At greater thicknesses, volatiles from the curing reaction, mainly water and some formaldehyde and phenol, can cause defects. These coatings have excellent electrical insulation properties, ie, up to 20 V/p.m, because of low moisture absorption and low conductance. The coatings are hard with low flexibiUty, depending on curing conditions and film thickness. 

K. C. Mittal, ed., Mdhesion Measurements of Thin Films, Thick Films and Bulk Coatings, ASTM STP, Philadelphia, Pa., 1978, p. 640. 

The pursuit of further miniaturization of electronic circuits has made submicrometer resolution Hthography a cmcial element in future computer engineering. LB films have long been considered potential candidates for resist appHcations, because conventional spin-coated photoresist materials have large pinhole densities and variations of thickness. In contrast, LB films are two-dimensional, layered, crystalline soHds that provide high control of film thickness and are impermeable to plasma down to a thickness of 40 nm (46). The electron beam polymerization of CO-tricosenoic acid monolayers has been mentioned. Another monomeric amphiphile used in an attempt to develop electron-beam-resist materials is a-octadecylacryUc acid (8). 

SPME has been utilized for deterrnination of pollutants in aqueous solution by the adsorption of analyte onto stationary-phase coated fused-siUca fibers, followed by thermal desorption in the injection system of a capillary gas chromatograph (34). EuU automation can be achieved using an autosampler. Eiber coated with 7- and 100-p.m film thickness and a nitrogen—phosphoms flame thermionic detector were used to evaluate the adsorption and desorption of four j -triazines. The gc peaks resulting from desorption of fibers were shown to be comparable to those obtained using manual injection. 

Tanl . Coatings for Hquid cargo tanks ate selected according to the materials that the tanks (qv) ate to contain. Tank coatings protect the cargo from contamination and must be compatible with the material carried. Epoxy systems ate most frequendy selected because they perform well with both aqueous and organic products. A carefully appHed three-coat epoxy system having a dry-film thickness of 225—300 pm can be expected to last for 12 years. 

A primary advantage of electroless solutions is the abUity to produce conductive metallic films on properly prepared nonconductors, along with the abUity to uniformly coat any platable object. The most complex geometric shapes receive a uniform plated film. Film thicknesses range from <0.1 /tm, where only conductivity or reflectivity is wanted, to >1 mm for functional appHcations. 

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