Coagulation limited

Equation 3.81 is the fast coagulation limit of the general expression for slow coagulation represented by Equation 3.80, in which it has bear implicitly assumed that cp provides a potential energy barrier hindering coagulation. For this case, the appropriate value of is twice that given by Equation 3.80, as discussed earlier. 

The cross-sectional shape of the filament relates to the volumetric transfer rate of the spin bath liquid (non-solvent) into the fiber versus the outward transfer of the solvent [98,99]. The fiber skin being the first portion to undergo coagulation, limits the volume that the fiber can occupy and, if less volume of solvent diffuses out, the fiber becomes non-circular and progresses towards a kidney bean shape. Each manufacturer uses a different spinning process and the filament cross-section is a useful fingerprint to identify the manufacturing source. 

With lower heat-flux ratings and higher ratios of internal water volume to heating surface than is the norm today, complex external treatment was not always necessary where deemed necessary, it was often limited to basic sedimentaion or filtration techniques employing inorganic coagulants and flocculants, typically followed by the use of natural zeolites (see sections 9.2.3.1 and 9.2.5 for additional information). 

Table 10.3 Carbonate-Cycle Coagulation and Precipitation Program. Recommended BW Control Limits for Non-Highly-Rated FT Boilers Employing Hard or Partially Softened FW...

If administration of this drug is necessary, the nurse monitors the patient s blood pressure and pulse rate every 15 to 30 minutes for 2 hours or more after administration of the heparin antagonist. The nurse immediately reports to the primary health care provider any sudden decrease in blood pressure or increase in the pulse rate The nurse observes the patient for new evidence of bleeding until blood coagulation tests are within normal limits. To replace blood loss, the primary health care provider may order blood transfusions or fresh frozen plasma... 

Many of the coagulation factors measured by global coagulation tests have limited stability, and the time and temperature of storage of sample will affect their measurements. Concepts of analyte stability and half-life in plasma extend to markers measured by immunoassay. Markers of platelet activation are affected by artifactual activation in vitro upon collection of the blood specimen. This section will highlight some of the nonanalytical variables that, if uncontrolled, can lead to spurious results and thus affect the interpretation of laboratory data. 

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