Coagulation, blood, preventing

The rapid onset of edema dilutes the acids that arrive in the immediate surroundings of the blood vessels and prevents protein coagulation in the vessel walls blood continues to circulate. When there is too much acid, extravascular plasma filtration can no longer make up for the fall in pH, and the vessel walls coagulate. Blood no longer circulates, and the skin changes color from pink-white to pure white or even gray. 

Heparin use in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation may prevent the formation of new blood clots. The most common complication of heparin therapy is bleeding, so some clinicians find it too risky to justify its use. 

In Vitro Anticoagulants. A number of substances have been identified that prevent coagulation of the blood when it is removed from the vascular compartment of the body. Most of these substances remove a vital constituent of the blood that is essential in the mediation of transformation of hquid blood into a soHd. 

Medical Uses. Citric acid and citrate salts are used to buffer a wide range of pharmaceuticals at their optimum pH for stabiUty and effectiveness (65—74). Effervescent formulations use citric acid and bicarbonate to provide rapid dissolution of active ingredients and improve palatabiUty. Citrates are used to chelate trace metal ions, preventing degradation of ingredients. Citrates are used to prevent the coagulation of both human and animal blood in plasma and blood fractionation. Calcium and ferric ammonium citrates are used in mineral supplements. 

The main goal of recessively inherited coagulation disorder (RICD) treatment is to prevent and control spontaneous and surgery-related bleeding episodes. Specifically, therapeutic options improve hemostasis via replacement of deficient blood coagulation factors while minimizing the development of immune tolerance.20... 

Platelets play a role in each of the mechanisms of normal hemostasis vasoconstriction, formation of the platelet plug, and blood coagulation. However, they are also involved in pathological processes that lead to atherosclerosis and thrombosis (formation of a blood clot within the vascular system). Antiplatelet drugs interfere with platelet function and are used to prevent the development of atherosclerosis and formation of arterial thrombi. 

Anticoagulants are substances that can prevent blood from clotting and, hence, are of therapeutic use in cases where a high risk of coagulation is diagnosed. They are often administered to patients with coronary heart disease and to patients who have experienced a heart attack or... 

Warfitrin and dicoumaroi prevent coagulation only in vivo and cannot prevent coagulation of blood in vitro (drawn from a patient into a test tube). 

Self-protection. To prevent blood loss when a vessel is injured, the blood has systems for stanching blood flow and coagulating the blood (hemostasis see p. 290). The dissolution of blood clots (fibrinolysis) is also managed by the blood itself (see p. 292). 

It is believed that heparin acts by neutralizing a number of active blood coagulation factors, thus disrupting the transformation of prothrombin into thrombin. Heparin is used to prevent thrombo-formation in myocardial infarctions, thrombosis, and embolism, for maintaining liquid conditions in the blood in artificial blood drcnlation and hemodialysis. Synonyms of this drug are arteven, hepalen, leparan, Uquemin, panheprin, vetren, and many others. 

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