Co-Aminoundecanoic acid

This polymer may be prepared by stirring the molten co-aminoundecanoic acid at about 220°C. The reaction may be followed by measurements of the electrical conductivity of the melt and the intrinsic viscosity of solutions in m-cresol. During condensation 0.4-0.6% of a 12-membered ring lactam may be formed by intramolecular condensation but this is not normally removed since its presence has little effect on the properties of the polymer. 

Particle size, polymerization rate, ai solid content of the final latexes remain unchanged compared with polymerizations with the unreacted individual components of the inisurfe (water soluble non-surface-active azo-bis (di-isobutyric acid amidine) and a C15-alkylmonosulfonate as emulsifier in the case of Inisurf 4 and a potassium salt of co-aminoundecanoic acid as emulsifier in the case of Inisurf 5, respectively). 

Poly(aminoundecanoic acid) or nylon-11 was first synthesized by Carothers in 1935 and commercialized in France in 1955 [8]. The polymer is prepared from co-aminoundecanoic acid by melt polymerization at 215°C under nitrogen for 3h. This polymer is hydrophobic and has excellent electrical properties. 

In the first step, the pyrolysis of methyl ricinoleate is carried out at about 500°C the principal products are n-heptaldehyde and methyl undecylenate. The latter is hydrolyzed to give undecylenic acid which is treated with hydrogen bromide in a non-polar solvent in the presence of a peroxide. Under these conditions, reverse Markownikoff addition occurs and the main product is cj-bromoundecanoic acid. This product is then treated with ammonia to give co-aminoundecanoic acid, which is a crystalline solid, m.p. 189°C. 

The process of self condensation of co-amino acids involves reactions of the type shown in Fig. 23.6 b). This type of reaction is used to make polymers, such as nylon 11, from molten 11-aminoundecanoic acid, which is stirred at 220 °C. Such specialty nylons are made in much smaller quantities than nylon 6 and are thus more likely to be made in a batch reactor than in a continuous reaction tube. 

Steinbrunn and Wenz recently reported poly(amide-CD rotaxane)s 53 via a very imaginative approach [90,91]. First, the CD was threaded on to an a,co-amino acid in water to give a pseudorotaxane monomer. An NMR study showed that two CD molecules were threaded per linear molecule for 11-aminoundecanoic acid. The X-ray powder pattern indicated that these rotaxanes stacked like channels in the solid state this provided the basis for solid state polymerization at 200°C to afford polyamide 53 with m/n=2 ... 

Nylon-11 is poly(oj-aminoundecanoic acid). In the polymerization of m-aminoundec-anoic acid, H2N(CH2)ioCOOH, to produce this polymer, what weight fraction of the reaction mixture will have the structure -[-NH-(CH2)io-CO-]ioo- when 99% of the functional groups have reacted ... 

As displayed in Figure 10.4, the ricinoleic acid (here the transesterification product, methyl ricinoleate) is subjected to a pyrolysis step. More specifically, the cracking pyrolysis takes place at 500-600 °C in presence of water vapour but in the absence of air to release undecenoic acid (methyl undecenoate) and heptaldehyde. The side product heptaldehyde is a source of several seven carbon-containing co-products such as heptanoic acid or heptanol. The main intermediate, methyl undecenoate, is further treated [9]. Firstly, it is hydrolysed to yield undecenoic acid. Then, it is reacted with hydrogen bromide in a nonpolar solvent to enable the reverse addition reaction, which forms bromoundecanoic acid. Finally, upon ammonia treatment, the crystalline solid 11-aminoundecanoic acid is formed and separated. 

Han et al. prepared co-treated montmorillonite using octodecylammo-nium and 11 -aminoundecanoic acid for achieving effective intercalation and dispersion of clay platelets in the polyamide matrix [24]. 

Figure 9.5 FTIR spectra of pristine montmorillonite (MMT), mono-treated montmorillonite (MMT treated with octadecylammonium (MIO), MMT treated with aminoundecanoic acid (MOl)), co-treated montmorillonite (MMT treated with octadecylammonium and aminoundecanoic acid with dilFerent molar ratio of 1/1,1/2 (Ml 1, M12)).Reprinted from [24] with permission from Elsevier.

For other polyamide/clay nanocomposites, PA 11/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared by Zhang, Yu, and Fu [30] via in situ intercalative polymerization. The polymerization involved two steps first the cation exchange of MMT with 11-aminolauric acid, and then the polymerization of 11-aminolauric acid in the presence of OMMT. The crystallization rate of the PA 11 matrix was obviously improved by the nanoscale-dispersed MMT clay. A similar in situ polymerization of exfoliated PAll/MMT nanocomposites containing different amounts of MMT was performed by Yang and co-workers [31]. First, 11-aminoundecanoic acid was mixed with organoclay in a vessel, and then the mixtures were heated to 100-150 °C to drive off the water and heated again to 230-260 °C for 4 h to achieve polymerization. 

Poly (etheresteramide )-co-e caprolactone, poly(etheresteramide)-co-ll-aminoundecanoic acid, Poly(ether-esteramide)-co-polyethylene glycol Characterisation, degradation stndies [55]... 

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