Cloning natural

FIGURE 18.10 Cloning natural V regions. FR Framework CDR Complementarity determining region. 

Sethi KK, Naher H, Stroehmann 1 (1988) Phenotypic heterogeneity of cerebrospinal fluid-derived HIV-specific and HLA-restricted cytotoxic T-cell clones. Nature 335 178-181. 

Harding, F.A., McArthur, J.G., Gross, J.A., Raulet, D.M. and Allison, J.P. (1992). CD28-mediated signalling co-stimulates murine T cells and prevents induction of anergy in T cell clones. Nature 356, 607-609. 

Fig. (6). Alignment of the amino-acid sequences of cloned naturally occurring GFPs...

Mitsunori Ogihara and Animesh Ray, DNA computing on a chip. Nature, 403 (2000), 143-144. Robert R Lanza, Jose B. Cibelli and Michael D. West, Human therapeutic cloning. Nature Medicine, 5 (1999), 975-977. 

In a tumor-bearing host, immune T cell and NK/NKT cell clones naturally arise. Extracorporeally expanded populations of immunoreactive T cell clones are used... 

Mercer JFB, Livingston J, Hall B, Paynter JA, Begy C, Chandrasekharappa S, Lockhart P, Grimes A, Bhave M, Siemieniak D, Glover TW (1993) Isolation of a partial candidate gene for Menkes by positional cloning. Nature Genet... 

Workers in the early 1970s recognized that restriction enzymes provided tools not only for DNA mapping but also for constmction of new DNA species not found in nature. A collection of recombinant DNA species consisting of many passenger sequences joined to identical vector molecules is called a hbrary. Individual recombinant DNAs are isolated from single clones of the Hbrary for detailed analysis and manipulation. 

Initial Considerations. Once the cDNA for the natural protein (wild type) or a mutant thereof is cloned, the cDNA is inserted into an... 

To this author, it seems unfortunate that the cloning of luciferases preceded the isolation of natural luciferases in the study of the luminous copepod, drawing interest away from the future study of natural copepod luciferases. 

Normal circulating levels of tPA are low, so that to accomplish this dramatic clot breakdown one would need the amount of tPA contained in 50,000 liters of blood. This is clearly not practical. Instead, the molecule has been cloned and expressed in mammalian cells so that it can be produced in quantity. Using cells from mammals, rather than bacteria, results in a product molecule that has the same folding, internal bonding, and coat of sugar residues as the natural protein. 

Matsuda LA, Lolait SJ, Brownstein MJ, et al Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature 364 561—564, 1990... 

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