Clinical cure

Blood Schizonticides. These destroy the erythrocytic stages of the parasites and are useful for the clinical cure of falcipamm malaria or suppression of relapsing infections. 

G. lamblia is treated with 5-nitroimidazole derivates. Paromomycin is a second choice in specific circumstances (e.g. pregnancy). In a Cochrane review, where 34 trials were included and where only one trial was without significant methodological flaws, the authors concluded that a single dose of tinidazole can provide the highest clinical cure rate with relatively few adverse effects. The high recun ence rate of disease after initial diug therapy is a problem. 

Twenty percent of HIV-infected patients develop fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolates after repeated exposure to fluconazole.33 To treat fluconazole-resistant oropharyngeal candidiasis, daily itraconazole for 2 to 4 weeks may be used. Oral itraconazole solution exhibits a mycological cure rate of 88% and a clinical cure rate of 97% in immunocompromised patients.34 Fluconazole-resistant esophageal candidiasis should be treated with intravenous amphotericin B or caspofungin. 

Clinical cure Resolution of signs and symptoms of a disease. 

Eradication of the offending organism and complete clinical cure are the primary objectives. Associated morbidity should be minimized (e.g., renal, pulmonary, or hepatic dysfunction). 

L B. The drug of choice for clinical cure of P. vivax malaria is oral chloroquine. The only isolated reports of chloroquine-resistant P. vivax are from the western Pacific, not Central and South America. 

Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial agent used for the suppression and clinical cure of malaria. It is an excellent erythrocytic schizontocide. It does not prevent relapse in P. vivax and P. ovale malaria. It has no effect on pre and exoerythrocytic phase of the parasite. It also... 

It is a drug of choice for clinical cure and suppressive prophylaxis of acute malaria but not for the resistant cases of P. falciparum. It can be safely used in preg-... 

A very comprehensive multicenter, randomized, double-blind study of two parallel treatment arms (the MOSAIC study MOxifloxacin compared to Standard therapy in Acute Infectious exacerbations of Chronic infections) demonstrated the powerful clinical activity of moxifloxacin for the treatment of AECB. Five-day treatment with moxifloxacin (400 mg, once daily for 5 days) was found to produce clinical cure rates that were superior to those achieved with 7-day treatment with a standard antibiotic (amoxicillin 500 mg three times daily for 7 days clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 7 days cefuroxime 250 mg twice daily for 7 days) [184]. 

Continue therapy until apparent cure has been achieved most acute infections are treated for 5-10 days. There are many exceptions to this, such as typhoid fever, tuberculosis and infective endocarditis, in which relapse is possible long after apparent clinical cure and so the drugs are continued for a longer time, determined by comparative or observational trials. Otherwise, prolonged therapy is to be avoided because it increases costs and the risks of adverse drug reactions. 

In a multicenter trial in 749 ambulatory women aged at least 12 years with an acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection, a single dose of fosfomycin tromethamine 3 g had an equivalent bacteriological and clinical cure rate as a 7-day course of nitrofurantoin (4). Adverse events were reported by 5.3% of fosfomycin-treated patients (versus 5.6%). The most common adverse effects were diarrhea (2.4%), vaginitis (1.8%), and nausea (0.8%), and 1.9% of fosfomycin-treated patients were withdrawn owing to adverse events (versus 4.3%). 

In a randomized, double-blind comparison of the efficacy of oral ivermectin and topical gamma-benzene hexachlor-ide 53 patients were randomly allocated to either a single oral dose of ivermectin 150-200 micrograms/kg and a placebo topical solution, or a single dose of gamma-benzene hexachloride topical solution 1% and placebo tablets (22). Patients who did not fulfil the criteria for clinical cure within 15 days, defined as the absence of both pruritus and clinical lesions or a reduction in signs... 

The safety and efficacy of terbinafine 250 mg/day and itraconazole 200 mg/day given for 12 weeks for toenail onychomycosis have been compared in a randomized, double-blind study in 372 patients (19). Adverse events were reported in 39% of the terbinafine-treated patients and in 35% of the itraconazole-treated patients. The mean values of biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function did not change significantly. Terbinafine produced higher rates of clinical cure (76 versus 58%) and mycological cure (73 versus 46%) than itraconazole. 

The primary desired outcome in the management of OPC is a clinical cure, i.e., elimination of clinical signs and symptoms. Even when the patient is relatively asymptomatic, it is important to treat the initial episode of OPC to avoid progression to more extensive disease. In the most severe cases, the patient s quality of life may be impaired, and this may result in decreased fluid and food intake. Lack of appropriate treatment of OPC may lead to more extensive oral disease, especially in patients who are immunocompromised. The most serious complication of untreated OPC is extension of the in-... 

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