Click chemistry nanoparticles

Figure 17.15 The small carboxylate-alkyne compound 4-pentynoic acid can be used to modify proteins at their amine groups with EDC to provide alkyne sites for click chemistry-mediated conjugation. The subsequent reaction of an azido-PEG-modified gold nanoparticle with the alkynyl-protein in the presence of Cu1+ yields the triazole-coupled protein.

O Reilly, R.K. Joralemon, M.J. Wooley, K.L. Hawker, C.J. Functionalization of micelles and shell cross-linked nanoparticles using click chemistry. Chem. Mater. 2005,17 (24), 5976-5988. 

Advances in click chemistry for single-chain polymeric nanoparticle construction 13MOL3339. 

Insofar as heterogeneous Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry is concerned, new catalysts continue to appear. Nanoparticles of copper can be generated and used in aqueous solution, from which crystalline products often precipitate. Inclusion of copper (as CuCl) into Lewis acidic zeolites, using in particular Cu(I)-USY (pore size 6-8 A), is one such catalyst employed in toluene. Other solvents such as DCM, CH3OH, CH3CN, and benzene were not recommended, and yields of 1,4-disubstituted triazoles can be highly variable. 

Bernard, J., et al. 2008. Preparation of a xanthate-terminated dextran by click chemistry applieation to the synthesis of polysaceharide-eoated nanoparticles via surfactant-free ab initio emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry 46(8) 2845-2857. 

Tuning the surface functionality of silica nanoparticles through a click chemistry-based protocol... 

Zhang T, Wu Y, Pan X, Zheng Z, Ding X, Peng Y (2009) An approach for the surface functionalized gold nanoparticles with pH-iesponsive polymer by combination of RAFT and click chemistry. Eur Pol3on J 45 1625-1633... 

Mixed SAMs on gold electrodes from azido alkane thiols and various a>-functionalized alkanethiols were prepared. In the presence of copper(l) catalysts, these azide-modified surfaces are shown to react rapidly and quantitatively with terminal acetylenes forming 1,2,3-triazoles via click chemistry (Figure 6). In this way, thiol SAMs have been modified with complex functional molecules such as single-stranded DNA, porphyrin redox catalysts, and receptors for gold nanoparticles and other materials. 

X. Zhang, X. He, L. Chen and Y. Zhang, Boronic acid modified magnetic nanoparticles for enrichment of glycoproteins via azide and alkyne click chemistry,/. Mater. Chem., 2012,22(32), 16520-16526. 

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