Cleve

Gr. helios, the sun). Janssen obtained the first evidence of helium during the solar eclipse of 1868 when he detected a new line in the solar spectrum. Lockyer and Frankland suggested the name helium for the new element. In 1895 Ramsay discovered helium in the uranium mineral clevite while it was independently discovered in cleveite by the Swedish chemists Cleve and Langlet at about the same time. Rutherford and Royds in 1907 demonstrated that alpha particles are helium nuclei. 

L. Holmia, for Stockholm). The special absorption bands of holmium were noticed in 1878 by the Swiss chemists Delafontaine and Soret, who announced the existence of an "Element X." Cleve, of Sweden, later independently discovered the element while working on erbia earth. The element is named after cleve s native city. Holmia, the yellow oxide, was prepared by Homberg in 1911. Holmium occurs in gadolinite, monazite, and in other rare-earth minerals. It is commercially obtained from monazite, occurring in that mineral to the extent of about 0.05%. It has been isolated by the reduction of its anhydrous chloride or fluoride with calcium metal. 

In the manufacture of 2-naphthalenol, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid must be converted to its sodium salt this can be done by adding sodium chloride to the acid, and by neutralizing with aqueous sodium hydroxide or neutralizing with the sodium sulfite by-product obtained in the caustic fusion of the sulfonate. The cmde sulfonation product, without isolation or purification of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, is used to make 1,6-, 2,6-, and 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acids and 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid by further sulfonation. By nitration, 5- and 8-nitro-2-naphthalenesulfonic acids, [89-69-1] and [117-41-9] respectively, are obtained, which are intermediates for Cleve s acid. All are dye intermediates. The cmde sulfonation product can be condensed with formaldehyde or alcohols or olefins to make valuable wetting, dispersing, and tanning agents. 

Cleves acid [119-28-8] 5 / 8-nitronaph-thalene-2-sulfonic acid ... 

Cleve, N J, Euranto, E K Finn Chem Lett 1974,82, Chem Abstr 1974, 81 77795e... 

We gratefully acknowledge the comments and suggestions submitted by the following companies and peer reviewers Henry Blunt (Shell Oil) Arthur F. Burk (DuPont) Charles Dancer (Allied Signal) J. A. Hoffmeister (Martin Marietta Energy Systems) Robert Ormsby (Air Products and Chemicals) Duane Sanderson (3M) Anthony A. Thompson (Monsanto) and Guy Van Cleve (Petrocon). 

Thulium, Tm P. T. Cleve 1879 Latin Thule, most northerly land ... 

Firstly, although we have said it several times already, it may be as well to emphasise yet again that of course we agree that the predictive successes played an important role. As we indicated earlier, Mendeleev s prediction played no part in the actual discovery of gallium, the first new element. But in the case of scandium, the second new element, its discoverer, Cleve, remarked ... 

The great interest of scandium is that its existence had been predicted. Mendeleef, in his memoir on the law of periodicity, had foreseen the existence of a metal which he named ekabor, and whose characteristics agree fairly well with those of scandium. (Cleve, 1879, p. 419)... 

Guillard, R. R. L., and Ryther, J. H. (1962). Studies of marine planktonic diatoms 1. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea (cleve). Canadian J. Microbiol. 8 229-239. 

Burmell, P. L., Tait, D. E. N., Flanagan, P. W. and Van Cleve, K. (1977). Microbial respiration and substrate weight loss, I. A general model of the influences of abiotic variables. Soil Biol. Biochem. 9, 33-40. 

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