Clearing factor

Pelleting capacity is related to the value of the clearing factor k, a variable that refers to the ability of a set of centrifugation conditions to separate or pellet particles. Smaller k values indicate greater efficiency. The parameter k is defined as follows 6 

The k value is given as a characteristic of a rotor, and applies to a particle in pure water at 20 °C, at the maximum speed allowed for the rotor. The corresponding actual values at lower speeds can be calculated using the following formula  

If the sedimentation coefficients of the particles to be pelleted are known, an approximate prediction can be made of the time required for the separation, with the following formula  

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This enzyme [EC 3.1.1.34] (also called clearing factor lipase, diglyceride lipase, and diacylglycerol lipase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of a triacylglycerol to produce a diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. This enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in chylomicrons and in low-density lipoproteins and also acts on diacylglycerols. See also Lipases... 

K5. Kom, E. D., Clearing factor, a heparin-activated lipoprotein lipase. II. Substrate specificity and activation of coconut oil. J. Biol. Chem. 215, 15-26 (1955). 

All levels of calculation (including semi-empirical calculations) provide a qualitatively correct account of the experimental regio and stereochemical preferences. The only (apparent) exceptions are that both B3LYP/6-31G and MP2/6-31G models show modest preferences for meta products in cycloaddition of 2-methylcyclopentadiene and acrylonitrile. Note, in particular, the success of the calculations in properly assigning the more crowded syn product for the cycloaddition of 5-methoxycyclopentadiene and acrylonitrile. Also note the large magnitude for the preference. Clearly factors other than sterics are at work. 

Clearly, factors influencing electron-affinity of the fluorinated alkene, i.e. the influence of F or perfluoroalkyl (RP) as a substituent at the double-bond, are important to consider, as are the effects of these substituents on carbanion (3) stabilities. 

SO3— and CIO3. Again, it is clearly factor a which favors dimerization for S03, making S20e 2 extremely stable, but enabling CI2O6 to dissociate readily at relatively low temperatures. 

Injection technique has pharmacokinetic consequences according to whether the insulin is delivered into the subcutaneous tissue or (inadvertently) into muscle. The introduction of a range of appropriate length needles and pen-shaped injectors has enabled patients to inject perpendicularly to the skin without risk of intramuscular injection. The absorption of insulin is as much as 50% more rapid from shallow i.m. injection. Clearly factors such as heat or exercise which alter skin or muscle blood flow can markedly alter the rate of insulin absorption. 

The size and distribution of size produced by the process is a complex function of the process, the processing conditions and the formulation. The influence of the drying conditions has been mentioned previously. Exact predictions are not possible but there are clearly factors, which can be used to try and control these properties. There are several stages at which the final pellet size can be influenced. 

Effect305 of Oral Sugars on Plasma Constituents and on Adipose-tissue, Clearing-factor, Lipase Activity in 24-Hour-Starved Rats... 

Substance administered Plasma concentration of Adipose-tissue, clearing-factor, lipase activity (units/g of fresh wt. of tissue)... 

Three important findings are illustrated by the regression analysis of dicofol selection of T. urticae populations. First, factors other than dicofol selection pressure override the determination of population susceptibility to dicofol. Populations that had received 3, 4, or 5 dicofol treatments during the study period were just as susceptible as some populations that had received only one treatment. Clearly, factors mediating population susceptibility are strongly countering resistance development. 

Clearly, factors which reduce or prevent the skin-surface vapour loss of a chemical warfare agent will tend to enhance skin absorption and percutaneous toxicity. Occlusion of contaminated skin (for example, with ointments or impermeable dressings) is an obvious means of impeding vapour loss and has implications for the... 

Clearing factor lipase. Digiyceride lipase. Diacylglycerol lipase. Triacylglycerol + H(2)0 = diacylglycerol + a fatty acid anion. 

However, 50 xM barium has little effect on membrane potential in rabbit middle cerebral artery (Brayden, 1990), or on diameter in rat posterior cerebral arteries pressurized to half the mean systolic blood pressure (McCarron and Halpern, 1990a). Clearly, factors such as membrane potential, transmural pressure, vasoconstrictors, and vasodilators, as well as possible differences in channel distribution and density, are likely to influence the contribution of the Kjp channel to the membrane potential. 

Thns, Siperstein was a challenge to the architects of the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complication Trial) and the UKPDS (The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Stndy) stndy, which later firmly docnmented that glycemic control was important althongh also blood pressnre was a clear factor involved at least in type 2 diabetes and certainly also according to other stndies in type 1 diabetes, especially regarding renal function. Gerich... 

The documentation is limited, and the interaction is not established. Mer-captopurine levels vary widely, and it is not established whether food is a clear factor in this variation. Some have suggested that mercaptopurine should be taken before food to optimise its absorption, whereas others do not consider the evidence sufficient to make a recommendation. ... 

It is not intended to give a detailed account of the group of enzymes termed lipoprotein lipases or clearing factors, but during recent years so much attention has been focused on these enzymes that a review on lipases would not be complete without a summary of the present. state of knowledge of their properties. 

Lipoprotein lipases are so called because, unlike normal lipases, they do not hydrolyze, or hydrolyze very slowly, triglyceride emulsions, unless a lipoprotein complex is also present. The normal substrate is the turbid chylomicron-containing, or lipemic, plasma formed after a fatty meal. Since this substrate is clarified by the enzyme, the term clearing factor is used to describe a lipoprotein lipase. 

During the past few years, especially in view of the possible connection between lipid deposits in the aorta, atherosclerosis, and the clearing factor, much effort has been devoted to studies of the location of lipoprotein lipase in tissues, the possible identity of lipoprotein lipase with the clearing factor, and the physiological role of these enzymes. Many problems have yet to be solved. 

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