Cleaning products, chemicals sodium bicarbonate

The uses of sodium bicarbonate include food (32%), animal feed (24%), cleaning products (9%), pharmaceuticals and personal care (9%), chemicals (8%), water treatment (6%), and fire extinguishers (2%). 

All solvents and chemicals were HPLC grade. Organic solvents, sodium carbonate (anhydrous), and sodium bicarbonate were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Carbonate buffer, pH = 10.0, was prepared using the sodium carbonate (anhydrous), and sodium bicarbonate. A solution of 0.1 % triethylamine in methanol was made for the elution solvent. Diethylcarbamazine citrate was obtained from Sigma, and used to make stock solutions (St. Louis, MO, USA). The internal standard, 1-diethylcarbamyl-4-ethylpiperazine (E-DEC) was synthesized by the Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry at the University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy. Ultra-pure analytical grade Type I water was produced by a Milli-Q Plus water system (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA). For the extraction of DEC and of its internal standard, Alltech Extract - Clean C18 cartridges, 500 mg with a 2.8 mL reservoir, and a SPE vacuum manifold (Alltech, Deerfield, IL, USA) were used. 

Since these products are often manually handled during, for instance, swimming pool cleaning and maintenance, they must be converted into shapes with properties that avoid nuisance dust and enhance stability. The pure chemicals, which, as produced, may be very fine (e.g., sometimes precipitated), are often mixed with other components for specific performance. For example, Oxone can be blended with many additives, including sodium-sulfate, -carbonate (especially the dense version), -bicarbonate, -perborate, -tripolyphosphate, -metasUicate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, citric-, malic-, and tartaric-acids and surfactants and fragrances. To maintain stability, all ingredients must be anhydrous or hold hydrated water tightly. 

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