Cleaning practices, improving

Note that this is a fuel with very low reactivity, even by anthracite standards. Further, both fuels are very high in ash content. Some of the projects employ coal cleaning to improve the quality of the anthracite culm, with significant results. Table 3.15 demonstrates the utility of this practice at the Gilberton site. 

Clean Air Act and its amendments ia 1970, 1977, and 1990 1967 Air Quahty Standards and National Air Pollution Acts and 1970 National Environmental PoHcy Act) (2) better waste disposal practices (1965 SoHd Waste Disposal Act 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) (see Wastes, industrial Waste treatment, hazardous wastes) (i) reduced noise levels (1972 Noise Control Act) (4) improved control of the manufacture and use of toxic materials (1976 Toxic Substances Control Act) and (5) assignment of responsibiUty to manufacturers for product safety (1972 Consumer Product Safety Act) (15,16). 

There has for some years been a considerable backlog in the development of practicable prechromatographic methods [5]. It is becoming more and more recognized that the future direction to be taken by trace analysts is to make improvements in the extraction, enrichment and clean-up of the sample and in the optimization of derivatization. It is only in this way that it is possible to employ the sensitive chromatographic techniques optimally for the solution of practically relevant problems. 

With continued improvement, fuel cells having stable and relatively inexpensive electrodes will enable the development of practical fuel cell vehicles. If the fuel is hydrogen, obtained by some clean process, these will be zero-emission, environmentally friendly vehicles. 

Fig. 7. Overview of coal preparation, conversion, combustion, and effluent treatment technologies that are designed to markedly reduce deleterious emissions and thus protect the environment. The line at the bottom, indicating traditional practices, now fully applies only to the very oldest coat-energized electric power plants. The Clean Air Act (U.S.) and the Clean Coal program call for progressive upgrading or modernization for achieving major goals by 1995. as described in the text. It should be mentioned that traditional practices have been improved over the years, but these have not been sufficient to meet environmental goals. Better results can be achieved only by way of marked advances in technology...

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