Cleaning comparative cost study

The total costs of coal cleaning, including ECT costs, the benefits of cleaning, and the costs of FGD were calculated for a hypothetical customer of plants A(A), B(A), and C(A). The three cases A(A), B(A), and C(A) from this study are compared in Table 7 with two literature cases [3 ]. Hoffman-Muntner Case 8 relates to an Illinois Basin mine and cleaning plant, with a comparatively low-sulfur raw... 

Zeolite membranes show high thermal stability and chemical resistance compared with those of polymeric membranes. They are able to separate mixtures continuously on the basis of differences in the molecular size and shape [18], and/or on the basis of different adsorption properties [19], since their separation ability depends on the interplay of the mixture adsorption equilibrium and the mixture. Different types of zeolites have been studied (e.g. MFI, LTA, MOR, FAU) for the membrane separation. They are used still at laboratory level, also as catalytic membranes in membrane reactors (e.g. CO clean-up, water gas shift, methane reforming, etc.) [20,21]. The first commercial application is that of LTA zeolite membranes for solvent dehydration by pervaporation [22], Some other pervaporation plants have been installed since 2001, but no industrial applications use zeolite membranes in the GS field [23]. The reason for this limited application in industry might be due to economical feasibility (development of higher flux membranes should reduce both costs of membranes and modules) and poor reproducibility. 

Mulligan, C. N. 2002. Environmental Biotreatment Technologies for Air, Water, Soil, and Waste. Rockville, MD Government Institutes. The author summarizes the application of 26 bioremediation techniques to cleaning air, soil, water, and wastes. For each method, advantages, disadvantages, costs, and other considerations are discussed, and then each method is compared to more conventional technology. Case studies are presented and extensive references are included. 

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