Clays adsorption behaviour

Hoch M, Alonso-Azcarate J, Lischick M (2003) Assessment of adsorption behaviour of dibutyltin (DBT) to clay-rich sediments in comparison to the highly toxic tributyltin (TBT). Environmental Pollution, 123(2) 217-227. 

The pH dependence of the adsorption of Co on montraorillonite in the pH range 5-6 has been interpreted (14,24) as due to the behaviour of structural hydroxyl groups on the clay or to hydroxy-Al compounds. In other work, adsorption of Cd, Co and Sr on to montmorillonite from solutions with widely different salt... 

The ecological behaviour of cationic surfactants is basically determined by their basic physico-chemical property, i.e. the strong adsorption on surfaces, e.g. on clay minerals or activated sludge, thus leading to their elimination in water treatment plants and water courses. Although physico-chemical processes are primarily effective in the elimination of cationic surfactants of the quaternary-ammonium-ion type in waste-water treatment, there are indications on the basis of experiments that these substances are aerobically biodegradable. 

This paper reviews the work of the author and that of other users of flow microcalorimetry (FMC). which led to discoveries of new phenomena at solid-liquid and solid-gas interfaces [7, 8] including the behaviour of adsorbates at different surface coverages [9, 10], and many, previously unknown, interactions of surfaces of metals, metal oxides, graphites [11], active carbons, zeolites, clays, and other minerals with organic and inorganic adsorptives. The work led to development of new selective adsorption processes [12], prediction of the performance of liquid lubricants and its components [13], surface reactions [14, 15], dispersion technology [16] and determinations of specific areas of surface sites with different chemical properties [17, 18]. 

H NMR was very successful in the investigation of surfactant adsorption, and provides the majority of all surfactant studies. A few 13C spectral studies reveal information about trans conformations of the alkyl chain, and furthermore the dynamics of adsorption can be monitored by IH self-diffusion. Other approaches which will not be further described here involved investigations of the counterions, e.g. 23Na relaxation in latex particles/ ionic surfactant mixtures [20], and 7Li DQF spectra of clay suspensions containing nonionic surfactants [21]. The counterion behaviour is rather complex and direct implications for adsorbed surfactant layers are difficult to obtain. 

In a practical polymer flood calculation in a real reservoir, there will be several rock types. Not only will the permeability vary over quite a large range, but the actual details of the reservoir lithology may also differ in different regions of the reservoir. For example, there may be certain geological strata that have a higher active clay content than other strata, and this affects the polymer adsorption/retention behaviour. Permeability itself is also... 

Di Y, lannace S, Di Maio E, Nicolais L (2003) Nanocomposites by melt intercalation based on polycaprolactone and organoclay. J Polym Sci Polym Phys Ed 41 670 Donald AM, Windle AH (1992) Liquid crystalline polymers. University Press, Cambridge Fukushima Y, Okada A, Kawasumi M, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O (1988) Swelling behaviour of montmorillonite by poly-6-amide. Clay Miner 23 27 Greenland DJ (1963) Adsorption of poly(vinyl alcohols) by montmorillonite. J Colloid Sci 18 647 Han CD (2010) On the mechanism leading to exfoliated nanocomposites prepared by mixing. Adv Polym Sci 231 1-75... 

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