Clay properties Langmuir

Podsiadlo P, Sui L, Elkasabi Y et al (2007) Layer-by-layer assembled films of cellulose nanowires with antireflective properties. Langmuir 23 7901-7906 Pranger L, Tannenbaum R (2008) Biobased nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerizatirai of furfuryl alcohol with cellulose whiskers or montmorillonite clay. Macromolecules 41 ... 

As early as 1938, Langmuir observed the phase separation of clay suspensions into an isotropic phase and a birefringent gel at the macroscopic level in test-tubes [9]. However, in the same report, he noted that this property of phase separation was gradually lost with time, which he tentatively explained by the incorporation of impurities diffusing from the glass tubes. He also compared this system to normal liquid crystals. Later, in 1956, Emerson observed a banded texture similar to that displayed by the Tobacco Mosaic Virus [48]. The investigation of clay suspensions from the structural point of view has been recently resumed. However, the study of the nematic order of suspensions of montmorillonite clays is in fact complicated by their gel properties. In spite of sustained efforts to understand its nature, the gelation mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated [49]. 

Kojinia Y, Usuki A, Kawasumi M, Okada A, Fukushima Y, Kurauchi T and Kaniiga-ito O (1993) Mechanical properties of nylon 6-clay hybrid, J Muter 8 1185-1189. Aoike T, Uehara H, Yamanobe T and Komoto T (2001) Comparison of macro- and nanotribological behavior with surface plastic deformation of polystyrene, Langmuir 17 2153-2159. 

Effect of surfactant and solvent properties on the stacking behavior of non-aqueous suspensions of organically modified clays. Langmuir, 22, 6531-6538. 

Zhao Z., Tang T., Qin Y. and Huang B., Effects of surfactant loadings on the dispersion of clays in maleated polypropylene , Langmuir, 2003, 19, 7157-7159. Gihnan J. W., Jackson C. L., Morgan A. B., Harris R., Manias E., Giannelis E. R, Wuthenow M., Hilton D. and Philips S. H., Flammability properties of polymer-layered-sihcate nanocomposites. Polypropylene and polystyrene nanocomposites , Chem Mater, 2000, 12, 1866-1873. 

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