Clay immature

Green coloration, present in many vegetable oils, poses a particular problem in oil extracted from immature or damaged soybeans. Chlorophyll is the compound responsible for this defect. StmcturaHy, chlorophyll is composed of a porphyrin ring system, in which magnesium is the central metal atom, and a phytol side chain which imparts a hydrophobic character to the stmcture. Conventional bleaching clays are not as effective for removal of chlorophylls as for red pigments, and specialized acid-activated adsorbents or carbon are required. 

The fruit is greyish-green, but is seldom quite uniform in colour, as the central flower-head has developed first. Immature fruits, chaff seeds of weeds, particles of clay and earth, and coriander which is difficult to eliminate from the fields, are frequently found in anise fruit of commerce, and represent 7 to 8 per cent of foreign substances, and even a higher proportion. 

The reservoir rock consists primarily of unconsolidated fine to medium grained, litharenites with quartz, rock fragments, feldspars and clay minerals. Sands are moderately to well sorted with good intergranular porosity. These immature sands are slightly compacted to uncompacted, and cores tend to explode after retrieval due to the trapped gas. The clay minerals which constitute 5% - 7% of the rock are kaolinite, chlorite and illite. Clays also occur as aggregates. 

The seed is rarely cleaned effectively, owing to the great cost of cleaning (1 50 roubles per pood on an average). It is invariably admixed with some immature seed (from the branch-umbels), chaff, particles of earth (either the remains of earth adhering to the roots or collected on the clay threshing floor) and the seed of various weeds, especially of coriander, a plant wmch cannot be entirely eradicated from an anise field. 

The principal trends are the same for these two well-established suites from basalt and they suggest that the clay fractions of immature soils from basaltic parent materials may be made up dominantly of allophane. 

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