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Classification of solutions

It is possible to indicate by thermodynamic considerations 24,25,27>, by spectroscopic methods (IR28), Raman29 , NMR30,31 ), by dielectric 32> and viscosimetric measurements 26), that the mobility of water molecules in the hydration shell differs from the mobility in pure water, so justifying the classification of solutes in the water structure breaker and maker, as mentioned above. [Pg.5]

C. H. Giles, T. H. MacEwan, S. N. Natchwa and D. Smith, Studies in Adsorption, Part XI A System of Classification of Solution Adsorption Isotherms and its Use in Diagnosis of Adsorption Mechanism and its Measurement of Specific Surface Area of Solids, J. Chem. Soc., p. 3973,1960. [Pg.222]

Figure 6.1 Classification of solutions based on Arrhenius theory. Figure 6.1 Classification of solutions based on Arrhenius theory.
The third general classification of solution synthesis approaches used for inorganic electronic thin film fabrication is referred to as metallo-organic decomposition, or MOD for short.23-29,37,38,85 Historically long-chain carboxylate compounds, such as lead 2-ethylhexanoate, zirconium neodecanoate, and titanium di-methoxy di-neodecanoate have been used.23-29,85 Both commercially available precursors and in-house synthesized starting reagents have been used. [Pg.47]

According to another system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms by Giles et al. [18] the main classes are S, L, H and C isotherms. These workers indicated that L curves occur in probably the majority of cases of adsorption from... [Pg.231]

An experimental basis has been suggested by Hepler (1969) for the classification of solutes for structure formers, (32F /9r2)>0 and for structure breakers <0. More recently, Ben-Naim (1975) has demonstrated how the difference between solubilities of a solute in D20 and H20 can also be used in a similar fashion. Ben-Naim (1972a, 1973a) has also shown from theoretical arguments how it is possible for a solute to stimulate H-bond formation, i.e. structure-formation, between water molecules. However, the effect of a structure-former on water is not straightforward, the induced structure being apparently different from that of pure water at a lower temperature (Hertz, 1970). [Pg.239]

A m or challenge to completing a practical model and description of mobile-phase effects in LSC is the further elucidation of hydrogenbonding effects. This will involve a more fundamental classification of solutes and solvents in terms of their proton-donor and proton-acceptor properties, so that values of can be estimated as a function of the molecular structures of solute X and solvent C. It will also require a more precise description of the adsorbate-surface bonding that occurs in the adsorbed monolayer, so that values of can likewise be rationalized and predicted. [Pg.206]

The terminology in this area is sometimes a little obscure, and Table 12-1 is provided to summarize the classification of solution types. [Pg.446]

C. H. Giles, T. H. MacEwan, S. N. Nakhwa, and D. Smith, Studies in adsorption. Part XI A system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms and its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurement of specific surface areas of solids, J. Chem. Soc., London, 3973 (1960). C. H. Giles, D. Smith, and A. Huitson, A general treatment and classification of the solute adsorption isotherm. I Theoretical, /. Colloid Interface Sci. 47 755 (1974). C. H. Giles, A. P. D Silva, and I. A. Easton, A general treatment and classification of the solute adsorption isotherm. Part II Experimental interpretation, /. Colloid Interface Sci. 47 766 (1974). [Pg.147]

O. Redlich and A. T. Kister, "Thermodynamics of Nonelectrolyte Solutions. Algebraic Representation of Thermodynamic Properties and the Classification of Solutions/ Ind. Eng. Cheni., 40, 345 (1948). [Pg.222]

Giles, C.H., MacEwan, T.H., Nakhwa, S.N., Smith, D.J. A system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms and its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurements of specific Areas of soils. Chem. Soc. 3973-3993 (1960)... [Pg.114]

The classification of solute/cosolvent/water systems based on their relative polarity was suggested by Yalkowsky and Roseman. Solutes which are less polar than both water... [Pg.1001]

Table 4.4 Classification of solution elastomers by the International Institute of Synthetic Rubber Producers [3],... Table 4.4 Classification of solution elastomers by the International Institute of Synthetic Rubber Producers [3],...
Table 6. IISRP Classification of Solution Polymerized Stereo Polymers ... Table 6. IISRP Classification of Solution Polymerized Stereo Polymers ...
It is necessary to note that values for couple of fast and slow families of one order n are disposed very close. The unique exception is the waves of second bifurcation n = 2. Points of bifurcation of two families are closed at small values S, but as 6 growth the bifurcation point of slow family moves to small wavenumbers. It may be noted here that fast wave of the second bifurcation 75 plays important role in classification of solutions and their comparison with experiments. It is shown below that waves of this family have maximal phase velocity and maximal amplitude among all solutions at given 5, s. This family has been firstly and named the second family as additionally to the first family 7 (see Bunov et al., 1984). [Pg.205]

We predict the magnitude of a colligative property from the solute formula, which shows the number of particles in solution and is closely related to our classification of solutes by their ability to conduct an electric current (Chapter 4) ... [Pg.408]

You will find detailed below descriptions of some elementary chemistry concepts that, along with a review of the chemistry of the skin, should help to explain the possible interactions between different peelings solutions and the skin. Finally, two new classifications of solutions for peehngs will be proposed, one according to their mechanisms of action (classification of L. Dewan-dre), and the other according to chemical parameters (structure of the molecula, pK , etc or classification of A. Tenenbaum). [Pg.1]

Different strategies in the solution are described in the literature for the preparation of CSD precursors, where the prominence of the type of chemicals transcends the former grouping of solution methods. In general, but especially in the case of complex oxide compositions, neither of them can be used alone to obtain the liquid precursor due to difficulties in finding available metal reagents of the same family (e.g., alkoxides, carboxylates, and p-diketonates) for all the cations involved in the system. Therefore, a combination of several approaches is used to stabilize all the metal reagents in a common and stable solution. Some of these methods are shown here. They are divided considering the type of precursor used to obtain a stable solution, more than the traditional classification of solution methods shown above. Seven major solution processes are explained next alkoxide-based methods, carboxylate- and p-diketone-based methods, Pechini methods, diol routes, amine-based methods, polymer-assisted methods, and aqueous solution-gel methods. [Pg.846]

Classifications of solutions, insight as to the influence and the criticality of trend parameters, as to the stability or lability of situations etc. could then be obtained which are beyond the capacity and certainty of a purely qualitative argument. Of course, the latter remains the basis of the quantification, but its implications can be investigated much more exhaustively by the quantitative model. [Pg.177]

The classification of solute/cosolvent/water systems based on their relative polarity was suggested by Yalkowsky and Roseman. Solutes which are less polar than both water and the cosolvent are considered as nonpolar , those which have a polarity between those of water and the cosolvent as semipolar , and those which are more polar than both water and cosolvent as polar . Figure 13.21.2.1-a illustrates the behavior of relatively hydro-phobic compounds, which tend to have monotonically increasing solubilization curves. The solubility enhancement is greater for the more hydrophobic solutes. Curves with opposite trends were mostly observed for polar solutes. The monotonical desolubilization... [Pg.191]


See other pages where Classification of solutions is mentioned: [Pg.389]    [Pg.311]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.518]    [Pg.561]    [Pg.64]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.96]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.399]    [Pg.785]   


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Classification of solute-solvent interactions

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