Classification Cationic Dyes

A survey of acute oral toxicity, as measured by the 50% lethal dose (LD j) test, demonstrated that of4461 colorants tested, only 44 had an LD-,j< 250 mg kg and that 3669 exhibited practically no acute toxicity (LD > 5 g kg ). The rest fell somewhere between these two levels. The evaluation of these colorants by chemical classification revealed that the most toxic ones were found among the diazo (mostly benzidine derivatives) and the cationic dyes. It is widely known that some general cationic compounds have toxic properties. Pigments and vat dyes by comparison were discovered to have extremely low acute toxicity - presumably due to their insolubility/very low solubility in water and in lipophilic systems. 

Dyes have many diverse structures since chromophore groups may be attached to all aromatic molecules. A comprehensive review of hepatic dye uptake and biliary dye excretion has been published (C12). A simple classification, based on the anionic or cationic nature of the dye and its chromophore group, is applied, but such a classification may not be... 

Classification Quaternary ammonium salt Empirical CsiHssN Cl Properties M.w. 480.26 cationic Uses Surfactant, antistat in cosmetics textile softener, antistat, dyeing aid corrosion inhibitor emulsifier, softener, emollient in hair rinses, skin creams/lotions, pharmaceuticals Trade Name Synonyms Genamin KDB t[Clariant/Functional Chems.] Kemamine BQ-2802C [Crompton http //www. cromptoncorp. com]... 

Tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride. See Tallowtrimonium chloride Tallow trimethyl ammonium methosulfate. See Tallowtrimonium methosulfate Tallow trimethylene diamine. See Tallowaminopropylamine Tallowtrimonium chloride CAS 8030-78-2 7491-05-2 68002-61-9 EINECS/ELINCS 232-447-4 Synonyms Quaternary ammonium compds., tallow alkyl trimethyl, chlorides Tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride Trimethyl tallow ammonium chloride Classification Quaternary ammonium salt Formula [R-N(CH3)3]" Cr, R rep. alkyl groups derived from tallow Properties Cationic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Antistat, preservative, surfactant in cosmetics dispersant external antistat for plastics emulsifier in corrosion inhibitor formulations for oil field brines and HCI acidizing systems textile softener, dyeing aid ... 

Mishra and Tripathy (1993) proposed a simplified classification as follows anionic (direct, acid, and reactive dyes), cationic (basic) dyes, and nonionic (disperse) dyes. There are many structural... 

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