Classic Publications

There are three books in the literature on mass spectrometry that may be termed truly classic  

Rays of Positive Ray Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analysis. 1913. 

Aston s two books should indeed be read by those wishing to choose mass spectrometry as their profession. His somewhat personalized description of instruments, experiments, and evaluations of results leaves one with the impression that Aston knew everything that could be known about mass spectrometry, that is, at that time today he might well be considered a (promising) novice. 

The American Society for Mass Spectrometry has been republishing old books in a series entitled Classic Works in Mass Spectrometry. A few selected subjects include  

and McDaniel, E. W. Originally published in 1988 by Wiley. Introduction to Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation and Techniques. 

---

The earlier classical publications in this field belong to Oliphant [120]. In his survey he used a beam of rapid metastable atoms of helium obtained by neutralizing ions on the walls of platinum capillary. Oliphant was the first to observe emission of electrons from a surface of magnesium and molybdenum under the action of metastable atoms, and also rebounding of metastable atoms from a molybdenum surface. 

The classic publication in 1817 by James Parkinson defined the triad of distinguishing symptoms that bear his name this movement disorder is known as Parkinson s... 

Whaf are the consequences of exposure Basic epidemiological information has classic public-good attributes. Those who conduct basic research have difficulty restricting its consumption to those who contributed to the research costs. But once it is developed, private markets disseminate the knowledge through newspapers, magazines, and even television. 

Vaccinations can also confer enormous benefits to populations. When vaccination rates are sufficiently high they can create "herd immunity," a condition that occurs when the rate of susceptibility within a population is so low it interrupts the chain of transmission of a disease within a community (Board of Health Care Services 2004). "Herd immunity" is a classic public good it benefits all individuals within a population. 

The singular tendency of ethylene oxides to undergo isomerization to carbonyl compounds (Eq. 433) was reoognized many years ago by a number of distinguished chemists. Wurts himself,1884 in his classic publication announcing the discovery of ethylene oxide, stated that this substance was related to acetaldehyde, with which it appeared to share certain chemical properties. Conversion of ethylene oxide into... 

Classical cellulose ethers, such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), alkyl-cellulose, and hydroxyalkylcellulose will not be discussed here. Readers should refer to classical publications [6,18,67,88]. 

An elegant, general solution for first-order networks has been provided in a classic publication by Wei and Prater [22]. In essence, the mathematics are developed for a reaction system with any number of participants that are all connected with one another by direct first-order pathways. For example, in a system with five participants, each of these can undergo four reactions, for a total of twenty first-order steps. Matrix methods are used to obtain concentration histories in constant-volume batch reactions, and a procedure is described for determination of all rate coefficients from such batch... 

Amongst the other outstanding features of the work are very full references to the literature of the subject including the important classical publications as well as recent work. There are bibliographies of each topic and an extensive collection of empirical or semi-empirical formulae likely to be of use to laboratory workers and to chemists and engineers engaged in large-scale work. 

The number of models that describe the structure and properties of liquid water is enormous. They can be subdivided into two groups the uniform continuum models and the cluster or mixture models. The main difference between these two classes of models is their treatment of the H-bond network in liquid water whereas the former assumes that a full network of H-bonds exists in liquid water, in the latter the network is considered broken at melting and that the liquid water is a mixture of various aggregates or clusters. The uniform continuum models stemmed from the classical publications of Bernal and Fowler, Pople, and Bernal.Among the cluster or mixture models, reviewed in refs 2—6 and 12, one should mention the models of Samoilov, Pauling, Frank and Quist, and Nemethy and Scheraga. ... 

The classic publication of a concerted mechanism appeared in the early 1950s [38] it picked up the idea of assistance by a second molecule of a magnesium species in reactions of Grignard reagents, as suggested earlier [41], based on erroneous observations (see p. 226). 

The properties of glass have been the subject of a number of special monographs dealing with relationships between properties, structure and chemical composition of glass, as well as with the respective measuring methods. Mention should be made of the works by Stanworth (1950), Morey (1954), Scholze (1965, 1977), Volf et al. (1967, 1968) and Rawson (1980). A large number of data on the properties of glass can be found in the classic publication by Eitel, Pirani and Scheel (1932). 

Asymmetric synthesis has been investigated since Emil Fischers classic - publication on sugar chemistry in 1894 (1) and has since been the subject of numerous studies (2, 3). Marckwald (4) defined asymmetric synthesis as those reactions which produce optically active substances from symmetrically constituted compounds with the intermediate use of optically active materials but with the exclusion of all other analytical processes. A broader definition of asymmetric synthesis is a process which converts a prochiral unit into a chiral unit so that unequal amounts of stereoisomeric products result (see Ref. 3, p. 5). 

The classic publication of Frey (17) epitomizes most of the information known today about the therapy of auricular fibrillation with quinidine. He converted to normal sinus rhythm 6 of 10 patients whose auricular fibrillation was complicated by atherosclerosis, mitral stenosis or insufficiency, and rheumatic fever or congestive failure. These patients included other arrhythmias such as auricular flutter or ventricular extra systoles. Some had been digitalized. Conversion occurred after 1.0 to 1.4 g. quinidine given over 2 to 8 days. Frey (33) also distinguished between patients with paroxysmal auricular fibrillation and the more stubborn continuous fibrillation. In this latter group of patients, many of whom had serious cardiac damage, quinidine converted 11/22 to normal rhythm. 

Of course we assume that there is a zoning board which follows a public interest-type balancing of costs and benefits to set restrictions upon land use. However, in reality zoning boards often appear to be political institutions that tend to introduce restrictions on land use in order to increase the value of the property of the people who elect the board. Thus, zoning will prove to be inefficient if these kinds of classic public choice effect take place. 

Early in the last decade, two, now almost classic publications, (j, 7) caused a reinvestigation of thought as to the importance of fiber in man s diet. This was not a new revelation W. What was new, was the recognition of the multiplicity of health-related disorders attributed to the lack of DF in the diet O). Increased DF consumption is advocated (10), but there may be adverse consequences with excessive intake. 

Gilman and McGlumphy s claim [41] - in 1928 - that the use of preformed allylmagnesium bromide gives much better results was convincingly disproved by Dreyfuss classic publication [51] in 1963 as well as by others (e.g. [53]). 

In concluding this section on the protein requirements of man, we wish to refer the reader to two excellent works on the subject. The classical publication of Martin and Robison (23) which appeared in 1922, reviews the history of attempts to solve the problem of protein maintenance... 

Etherington, H. 1958. Nuclear Engineering Handbook. New York McGraw-HiU. This classic publication presents data used in all aspects of nuclear engineering. Divided into 14 sections, the book contains information regarding mathematical data and tables, nuclear data, experimental techniques, radiological protection, fluid and heat flow, reactor materials, and isotopes. 

The classical publication (1970, but having withstood the test of time) on the Raman spectrum of graphite is that of Tuinstra and Koenig [41]. Activated carbon was found to have a rather strong D band. This is noteworthy, because it was known to have very strong adsorptivity for gases, which would very likely be caused by the very small particles of carbon that composed it. 

Two public keys are needed by the algorithm. Alice has a public key key a and Bob has a public key kepB The two public keys key a and keys are independent. These keys are necessary for authentication. They have some characteristics that are different from the classical public keys. The keys are established during... 

Heylighen F (1997) Classic publications on complex, evolving systems a citation-based survey. Complexity 2 31... 

In the Western world, concern for air pollution intensified following the return of Marco Polo from the East and the introduction of coal as an energy source. As early as the 13th century, there was concern over coal smoke and odor in London. Reportedly, the Queen of England moved from London to Nottingham because of the smoke in London. A classic publication, Fumifugium Or the Inconvenience of the Air and Smoke of London Dissipated, written by John Evelyn... 

---