Clamping capacity

Such RIM plants are Indeed typical of the Industry. The comparable output for a SMC operation would employ 13 clamp units. A comparable output 1n an Injection molding operation would require seven large extruders of at least 2,500 ton clamping capacity. 

Clamp output 1s defined as the annual clamp capacity less both process and operating Inefficiencies. The clamps required to meet production demand 1s the ratio of production demand/clamp output. This relationship 1s used 1n determining fixed cost such as tooling, flxturlng, hourly labor, and plant capital. 

Clamping capacity n. The largest rated projected area of cavities and runners that an... 

Typical temperature and pressure settings are based on Ref. 3. Settings are based on studies using a reciprocating screw, general-purpose screw, clamp capacity of 175 tons, and rated shot capacity of 10 oz (280 g). Molded specimen thicknesses ranged from 0.065- to 0.125-in (1.7- to 3.2-mm) thickness. 

The extruder feeds one of two presses from an overhead gantry. Presses are of the hydraulic upstroking type with a clamping capacity of 150 tonnes - a compact injection-moulding press producing the same-sized mouldings would need a locking force of approximately 1500 tonnes. Press platen area is 2.15 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft). 

Compression moulding is one of the least expensive and the simplest methods, which uses a certain amount of premixed compound placed in a heated three-dimensional mould, between stationary and movable parts. The compound flows into and fills the mould cavity and begins to cure simultaneously after the mould is closed and heat and pressure are applied meanwhile forcing out the excess resin (the flash) (Figure 9.10). Presses with clamping capacities from 5 to 4000 tons are available for both manual and semi-automatic operations. 

Two-Level Mold n (double-decker mold) An injection mold having two layers of cavities, used in making low-mass articles with large projected areas, so as to make best use of both plasticating and clamping capacities. 

Small machines will have a clamp capacity of a few tons, while very large machines may run up into the range of 9000 tons. 

Injection-molding presses are rated in terms of tons of mold-clamping capacity and in ounces (of general-purpose polystyrene) of shot size. They range from 2-ton, 0.25-oz... 

Some molders have found that lower compression ratios screws are more suitable for the larger molding machines (i.e. >500 tonnes clamp capacity) whereas the higher compression ratio screw is preferred on the smaller clamp capacity machines. The depth of flight in the metering section is important so as to prevent excessive shear being imparted to the molten materiaJ typical values are given below. 

Two convenient forms of bath are shown ui Fig. 11,10, 2, a and 6. The former consists of a long-necked, round-bottomed flask (a longnecked Kjeldahl flask of 100 ml. capacity is quite satisfactory) supported by means of a clamp near the upper part of the neck. The thermometer is fltted through a cork, a section of the cork being cut away (see inset) so that the thermometer scale is visible and also to allow free expansion of the air in the apparatus. The bulb is about three-quarters filled with... 

The membrane system consists of multiple plate and frame stacks holding the thin-fHm composite membranes clamped together. The system capacity is iacreased by increasing the number of plates. 

Although there are a number of mechanisms in cells for buffering or sequestering Ca2+ to prevent untoward or inappropriate rises in [Ca2+]i( in the long term, it is the activity of plasma membrane transport processes that determines the steady-state [Ca2+]j. This is because the plasma membrane acts as a Ca2+ buffer of essentially infinite capacity. This results from in vivo clamping of the extracellular concentration of Ca2+ by dietary and endocrine mechanisms. In in vitro experiments, this results from incubation volumes very much larger than the cell volume. 

A round-bottomed flask (capacity 1 1.) is provided with a wellfitting thin-walled double neck attachment (Eig. 30). An ascending Liebig condenser is clamped obliquely and its inner tube is joined by a short wide rubber tube to the oblique neck in such a way that the flask can be vigorously shaken without trouble. The upright neck, which serves for the introduction of the zinc dust required for the reduction, is closed with a cork. 

Such a small crystal behaves like an infinitely expanded crystal. However, if the crystal vibrations remain restricted to the center, one can clamp the outer edge to a crystal holder, without engendering undesired side effects. Moreover, contouring reduces the resonance intensity of undesired anharmonics. This limits the capacity of the resonator to maintain these oscillations considerably. 

The powder is spread on cotton muslin stretched over wooden frames and placed on the shelves. The drier is then closed and the vacuum pump set in motion. The pump usually operates a pressure of 100-150 mm Hg. When the pressure becomes steady, the screws clamping the lids are released, but the lids continue to adhere hermetically to the drier, owing to the reduced pressure created inside. As a safety precaution the driers work in this manner until drying has been completed. Thus should ignition occur the lids are freely detached. This prevents thepowder from burning in a confined space, and exploding, and so destroying the drier. The capacity of the... 

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