Civil Engineer, origin

Calhoun, Daniel Hovey. 1960. The American Civil Engineer Origins and Conflict. Cambridge, MA Technology Press. 

Calhoun, 1960. Daniel H. Calhoun. The American Civil Engineer Origin and Conflicts. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press. 

Figure 3.25 (a) Original and (b) programmed cruciform foam specimen and (c) to (f) its recovery process at various temperatures. Source [57] Reproduced with permission from the American Society of Civil Engineers... 

Trautwine (1810-1883) was the originator of the successful Trautwine s civil engineer s pocket-book, which was one of the frequently used texts dining the 19 and early 20 century. John 111 graduated in 1900 from Cornell University, Ithaca NY, as civil engineer, and became soon associated as one of the editors of the mentioned family pocket-book. He was made editorial director in 1909, and after his father s death in 1924 took over the publication as both owner and editor, continuing in this position until his death. The book chapters were continuously revised and he planned extensive revisions of the text prior to his death. The 1930 version was the 2U edition of this book. 

Note This chapter is an adapted version of Chapter 1 Types of fiber and fiber arrangement in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites by Y. Gowayed, originally published in Developments in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for civil engineering, eA. Nasim Uddin, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013, ISBN 978-0-85709-234-2. 

H. McDonald. Origins of the Word Engineer, ASCE Transactions, vol. 77, p. 1737. Reproduced in ASCE Committee on History and heritage of American Civil Engineering, 1970, Historical Publication No. 1. 

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