Citrus unshiu

Lim, S., Jung, S.K., and Jwa, M.K., Extraction of carotenoids from Citrus unshiu press cake by supercritical carbon dioxide. Food Sci. BiotechnoL, 12, 513, 2003. 

WeUmann F, Lukacin R, Moriguchi T, Britsch L, SchUtz E, Matern U (2002) Eunctional expression and mutational analysis of flavonol synthase from Citrus unshiu. Eur 1 Biochem 269(16) 4134-4142... 

Lukacin R, WeUmann F, Britsch L, Martens S, Matern U (2003) Flavonol synthase from Citrus unshiu is a bifunctional dioxygenase. Phytochemistry 62(3) 287-292... 

Di-C-glucosylapigenin (5,7,4 -triOH 3,6-diGlc) Citrus unshiu (Rut.) Matsubara et al. (1985a)... 

Sample Lycium chinense A4 Schizandra chinensls A Citrus unshiu A Angelica gigas Comus officinalis Cnidium officinale... 

Ma, Y. Ye, X. Fang, Z. Chen, J. Xu, G. Liu, D. 2008. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts from ultrasonic treatment of Satsuma mandarin Citrus unshiu Marc.) peels. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56 5682-5690. 

Another case is the oviposition stimulants in the leaf of Citrus unshiu consisting of four flavonoids, four organic bases, a quaternary ammonium compound and inositol (Scheme 3). 

Scheme 3. Structures of some of the components of the complex oviposition stimulant signal of Citrus unshiu. Narirutin [1], hesperidin [2], rutin [3], vicenin-2 [4], 5-hydroxy-A/

It has been revealed that glycosides of monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids occur in plants as a fragrance precursors which generate fragrance principle by hydrolysis with co-occurring glycosidase. Recently, Yoshikawa, Arihara et al., Tokushima Bunri University, isolated several fragrance precursors from fresh flower-buds of Citrus unshiu. (Fig. 2) [7]. 

Fig.2 Fragrance precursors from fresh flower buds of Citrus unshiu In case of a glycoside of an unstable aglycone which is stabilized by binding with sugar...

The dried rinds of the fruits of Citrus unshiu and C. aurantium var. daidai are known as Chin-pi or Toh-hi in Japan, respectively, and the immature fruits of these plants are called Ki-jitsu. These are also used in Kampo medicine, and from them, the phenylethylamine-type alkaloids N-methyl-tyramine and synephrine were isolated [6,7]. 

Four flavonoids [vicenin-2, hesperidin (60), narimtin, and rutin (35)] from Citrus unshiu are oviposition stimulants for Papilio xuthus (Nishida et al., 1987 Ohsugi et al., 1985). However, these compounds are only weakly active alone or in mixtures. When mixed with two bases, adenosine and 5-hydroxy-A-methyltryptamine, which are inactive by themselves, 100% of the activity of the plant was observed (Harbome, 1988b). 

Kim HG, Kim GS, Lee JH, Park S, Jeong WY, Kim YH, Kim JH, Kim ST, Cho YA, Lee WS, Lee SJ, Jin JS, Shin SC (2011) Determination of the change of flavonoid components as the defence materials of Citrus unshiu Marc, fruit peel against Penicillium digitatum by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 128 49-54... 

Lukacin, R., Welhnann, R, Britsch, L., Martens, S. Matem, U. (2003). Flavonol synthase from Citrus unshiu is a bifimctional dioxygenase. Phytochemistry, 62, 287-292. 

Kita, Y., Y. Nakatani, A. Kobayashi, and T. Yamanishi Composition of Peel Oil from Citrus Unshiu. Agric. Biol. Chem. 33, 1559 (1969). 

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