Citrus honey

A high content of hesperetin was detected in citrus honey samples (Ferreres et ah, 1993, 1994b,c,e). 8-Methoxy-kaempferol was the main compound in rosemary honey samples, whereas luteolin was the main compound in lavender honey samples (Ferreres et ah, 1994b, 1998). Quercetin was used as a marker for differentiating for sunflower honey... 

The flavanone hesperetin has been detected in citrus honeys but not in honey samples of any other origins (Ferreres et al., 1993). It is a constitutive phenolic compound of citrus nectar, where it is present as a glycoside (hesperidin). 

Alissandrakis, E., Tarantalis, P. A., Harizanis, P. C., and Polissiou, M. (2007). Aroma investigation of untfloral Greek citrus honey using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. Food Chem. 100, 396-404. 

Ferreres, F., Garcia-Viguera, C., Tomas-Lorente, F., and Tomas-Barberan, F. (1993). A hesper-tin A marker of the floral origin of citrus honey. /. Sci. Food Agric. 61,121-123. 

Lindner, R., Bermann, E., and Gamamik, B. (1996). Characterisation of citrus honey by deuterium NMR. /. Agric. Food Chem. 44,139-140. 

Serra Bonvehi, J. (1988). Determination of methyl anthranilate in citrus honey (Citrus sp.) of eastern Spain and its influence on the diastase activity of the honey. Alimentaria 197,... 

Serra Bonvehi, J. and Ventura Coll, F. (1995). Characterization of citrus honey produced in... 

White, J. W. (1966). Methyl anthranilate content of citrus honey. ]. Food Sci. 31,162-164. 

The first two principal components on electronic nose data clearly separated the Rhododendron honey from the three others. The third component explained 13.2% of the total variance, and the fourth 4.4% (Fig. 31.3B). The third and fourth components separated the other three types of honey the Citrus honey was located in the right part of the plot, the Hungarian Robinia in the upper central part and the Italian Robinia in the lower left part of the plot. 

However, for each set of samples, a two-way binomial test (Engels, 1988) was used to determine the lowest probability of correct identification that would have given a 95% chance of assigning all samples in this set to the correct category. Thus, for the 6 samples of Rhododendron honey, the lowest probability of correct identification was 0.616 for the 8 samples of Citrus honey, this probability was 0.679 and for all 17 samples, the lowest probability was 0.835, indicating that there was a 95% chance that the probability of correct identification of the ANN used was 0.835 or better. 

Citrus honey, one of the best kinds, has an exquisite aroma, similar to that of blossoming oranges, lemons, and tangerines, and an excellent flavor. 

The usefuiness of US for acceierating the LLE of compounds from honey iies mainiy in the ability to operate at ambient temperature by contrast, some techniques such as simui-taneous distiiiation-extraction [11] and purge and trap [12] are subject to thermai artifacts. USALLE has been used to extract voiatiie compounds from citrus flowers and citrus honey with a view to discriminate honey according to its botanicai origin [8], and aiso pesticides [9]. In this context, USALLE is faster than conventional methods and has the added advantage that it extracts compounds of molecular weight up to 220, which helps to determine the origin of honey this, however, calls for improved repeatability as the RSD values for some compounds exceed 20%. 

Caffeic acid, p-coumaric, ferulic Chinese citrus honey RP-HPLC Amperometric (GCE) [132]... 

Liang, Y Cao, W Chen, W.-J. et al. (2009) Simultaneous determination of four phenolic components in citrus honey by high performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection. Food Chem., 114, 1537-1541. 

---