Cinnamaldehyde determination

El-Kommos and Emara [47] determined primaquine and other secondary aromatic amines pharmaceuticals by a spectrophotometric method using 4-dimethyl amino cinnamaldehyde. The reaction of the reagent with primaquine and with the other amines was investigated. Powdered tablets were extracted with methanolic 0.1 M perchloric acid. The extract was mixed 1 1 with methanolic 0.2% of 4-dimethyl amino cinnamaldehyde and the mixture was diluted with methanol before measurement of the absorbance at 670 nm for primaquine phosphate. Beer s law was obeyed for 2-20 pg/mL of primaquine. The pink and green color formed with primaquine was stable for at least 24 h. Recoveries were good. Amodiaquine did not interfere with the determination of primaquine. 

A frequently reported spectrophotometric technique for the determination of hydralazine is based on reactions with aromatic aldehydes to form hydrazones with absorption in the visible region. Luk yanchikova et al (5 +) used p-nitrobenzaldehyde Wesley-Hadzija and Abaffy (55) and Ruggieri (56) used p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde Luk yanchi-kova (57,58) used cinnamaldehyde Schulert (33) used p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and Zak et al (59) used p-methoxy-benzaldehyde, after testing cinnamaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 3, +,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, and 1-naphthaldehyde. 

Dehydrodarlingianine (69) and dehydrodarlinine (72) were synthetized by base-catalyzed reaction of hygrine with cinnamaldehyde and benzaldehyde, respectively. The relative stereochemistry of darlingianine (65) was established by X-ray diffraction (111). The structure of the other bases was established by chemical correlations as well as by spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of these bases remain to be determined. 

The determination of aldehydes and ketones is of importance in the analysis of those essential oils characterised especially by aldehydic or ketoruc principles, e g.,the citral contained in lemon and lemongrass oils, citronellal in citronella Oil and some eucalyptus oils, benzaldehyde in bitter almond oil, salicylaldehyde in meadow-sweet oil, anisaldehyde in aniseed and fennel oils, cuminaldehyde m cumin oil, cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon oil, carvone in caraway oil, pulegone in pennyroyal oil and methyl nonyl ketone in rue oil The determination of the aldehydes and ketones presents, however, difficulties and the above methods are moderately exact in only a few cases, especially when the content of aldehydes or ketones is considerable The bisulphite method is applicable particularly to the determination of cinnamaldehyde and benzaldehyde in cinnamon oil and bitter almond oil, and, up to a certain pomt, to that of citral in lemongrass Oil. The sulphite method gives good results in the same cases and for the determination of carvone and pulegone... 

The carbonyl number method gives moderately exact results for the determinations of benzaldehyde in bitter almond oil, of cuminaldehyde in cumin oil and of methyl nonyl ketone in rue oil. The method devised by Hanus gives, according to this author, good results for the amount of cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon oil. 

Cinnamaldehyde, C9H80, is responsible for the characteristic odour of cinnamon. Determine the percentage composition of cinnamaldehyde by calculating the mass percents of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 

This reaction has been used to determine the amount of cinnamaldehyde units in native lignin (see Table 2 11)... 

At present there is no single procedure available for the determination of ethylenic groups in lignin which can be applied reliably to any type of sample without regard for the particular structural environment in which these units exist. Hence, most of the more widely accepted methods essentially consist of procedures used for the determination of larger structural elements comprising lignin, for example, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, and stilbene units, in which the carbon-carbon double bond is incorporated. 

Determination of Total Cinnamaldehyde and Cinnamyl Alcohol Units... 

General reaction conditions IMes HCI (0.05 mmol), DBU (0.05 mmol), THF (2.5 ml), cinnamaldehyde derivative (0.5 mmol), ketone (1.0 mmol), 16 h at rt. Yield given for the isolated mixture of diastereomers b Determined by GC-MS... 

The same dilution technique is usually applied in the analysis of ethereal oils [210]. It can be used in the determination of aldehydes such as citral and citronellal in lemon oil (Oleum citri) and in Oleum verbenae, of anisaldehyde in Oleum anisi stellati. Oleum anisi and Oleum foeniculi, of cinnamaldehyde in Oleum cinnamomi, and of ketones, such as car-vone, in Oleum anethi, of pulegone and diosphenol. In all these cases, the oil is first diluted with ethanol and to this solution an aqueous solution of the supporting electrolyte is added, usually only 0.1 M LiCl. 

The preparation of the polarographic sample becomes more complicated in the analysis of drugs [211], e.g., of seeds or barks. A typical procedure can be exemplified with the determination of cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon bark. A quantity of about 2-5 g of this bark is pulverised and extracted with chloroform for 10 hr in a Soxhlet apparatus. The solvent is then distilled off and the residue dissolved in ethanol. An aliquot of this is mixed with an aqueous solution of the supporting electrolyte and polaro-graphed. A similar procedure proved successful in the determination of carvone in Semen carvi it differs only in the application of ethanol for the extraction. This extraction in the determination of cuminaldehyde in the Roman caraway seeds was a failure because electroactive impurities were extracted simultaneously. For this reason, it was necessary to make use of steam distillation. 

Oil of cassia, Chinese type - Determination of trans-cinnamaldehyde content - Gas chromatographic method on capillary columns... 

S. Sewenig, U. Hener, A. Mosandl (2003) Online determination of H/ H and C/ C isotope ratios of cinnamaldehyde from different sources using gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Eur Eood Res Technol 217, 444-448... 

Use ANOVA to determine whether temperature has an effect on the decomposition of cinnamaldehyde. In the same way, determine if time of heating has an effect. 

Among the earliest examples of the application of molecular orbital calculations to lignin chemistry is, as might be expected, the formation and reactivity of phenoxy radicals [32]. This work described the use of Pariser-Parr-Pople molecular orbital calculations, comparing various methods to determine the rr-electron spin densities for a number of model compounds. The different techniques gave similar results, with the bulk of the unpaired spin density at the phenolic oxygen, followed by the ortho and para carbons. In a cinnamaldehyde model, the P-position also exhibited considerable unpaired spin density. 

Although common examples in the literature mention acrolein and crotonalde-hyde hydrogenation, it is probably best to consider research on cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation for determining the best conditions to apply to the hydrogenation of a,/ -unsaturated aldehydes. 

The molecular formula for cinnamaldehyde was determined in 1834 by the French chemists Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas (1800-1884) and Eugene Melchior Peligot (1811-1890), although its structural formula was deciphered only in 1866 by the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer (1825-1909). 

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