Ciliary dyskinesia

Cystic fibrosis or ciliary dyskinesia Swimming/diving... 

Saprophytic colonization is found with increased incidence in patients with underlying pulmonary diseases, such as in advanced stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic asthma requiring administration of adrenal corticosteroids, primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome and cystic fibrosis [4-7]. A.fumigatus is the predominant species cultured from the respiratory tract although other Aspergillus species may also be found occasionally. 

Mucociliary clearance (MCC) Ciliary dysfunction, airway caliber, mucus production >2 p,m Primary ciliary dyskinesia, bronchial disorders, lung transplantation... 

In primary ciliary dyskinesia patients showed a range of ultrastructural defects, such as reduced numbers of dynein arms - including inner, outer and both inner and outer dynein arms - as well as excentrically located central microtubules, extra single microtubules, and displaced peripheral doublet microtubules and compound cilia (De Iongh and Rutland 1995). Other microtubule defects seen commonly included absence of one or more peripheral doublets, supernumerary doublets, and absence of the B tubule in peripheral doublets. Abnormal orientation of cilia was also commonly seen in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. 

---