Ciguatoxin CTX

Ciguatoxin (CTX) is the major chemical entity associated with ciguatera fish poisoning. CTX, a term given to the low dalton lipid by Scheuer et al. (JL) was isolated from livers of Gymnothorax obtained from an endemic area in the Pacific. A recent study by Tachibana ( 2) in Scheuer s laboratory suggests that CTX consists of numerous cyclic polyether residues similar to okadaic acid (3-5) and monensin ( ). ... 

The LD50 in mice for ciguatoxin CTX-1 is 0.25 mg kg body weight when injected intraperi-... 

Ciguatoxins (CTX) and maitotoxins (MTX), causing ciguateric fish poisoning (CFP)... 

The 2 S configuration of ciguatoxin (CTX, 54)71 was assigned on the basis of the CD exciton chirality data of terra k isf /i- Br-benzoate) of 54 and trisfp- Br-benzoate) of the AB fragment (Figure 26). This was later confirmed... 

Kimura LY, Abad MA, Hokama Y. Evaluation of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection of ciguatoxin (CTX) in fish tissues. J Fish Biol 21 671-680, 1982. 

Hogg, R.C., Lewis, R.J. and Adams, D.J., Ciguatoxin (CTX-1) modulates single tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels in rat parasympathetic neurones, Neuroscl Lett, 252, 103, 1998. 

Ciguatoxin (CTX 1) (formula see below). For structural elucidation 0.35 mg of C. (CeoHaeOg, Mr 1111.33) were isolated from 125 kg intestines of the moray Gymnothorax javanicus (primary origin Gambierdiscus toxicus). CTX acts as an agonist of voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSC). The lethal dose is 0.35 pg/kg (mouse). Thus, the toxin is about 100 times more potent than tetrodotoxin. 

Ciguatoxin (CTX, 18) was first isolated in 1980 and its structure was finally elucidated in 1989 [ 18,19]. For that study, 4000 kg of moray eels (Gymnothrax javanicus) were collected in French Polynesian water and 124 kg of viscera were extracted to obtain 0.35 mg of pure CTX. The G. toxicus collected in the Gambier Islands yielded 0.75 mg of a precursor toxin that was coded... 

There are at least five toxins involved in ciguatera, which have been named ciguatoxin (CTX), maitotoxin (MTX), scaritoxin (STX), okadaic acid (OA), and a recently named toxin (prorocentrolid) (Bagnis et al. 1974 Chungue et al. 1977 Tachibanaetal. 1981 Tindall 1983 Yasumoto etal. 1971 Yasumoto and Murata 1988a Yasumoto and Murata 1988b). 

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