Ciba, firm

But the interest which major firms like ICI, Bayer, or even Hoechst still have in the sector is restricted by the small number of additives they supply to plastic producers. Under the circumstances, it is more than likely that Ciba-Geigy s lead in the variety of products offered, in research, in customer service, or in geographic coverage will be hard for competitors to catch up with. Indeed, their narrow approach to the market would hardly warrant the heavy investment to fulfill any high ambitions they might have in the area. 

As for Switzerland, leading representatives of its dye industry, forerunners of CIBA and Geigy, managed to overturn attempts to introduce a patent system, particularly in 1882 and 1886. It was only after German firms, who supplied the Swiss with intermediates and were angered by the extent of unlicensed copying of their inventions, threatened to withhold supplies of intermediates early in the 20th century, that the Swiss introduced a patent law. 

Tinuvine 770-bis (2, 2, 6, 6 - tetramenthylpiperidile - 4) sebacate, proposed by the firm CIBA [71], and some polymer addititives, including fragments of piperidine cycle are used in industry. As a rule, stabilizers, containing stable radical in their structure, are also inhibitors of thermooxidative destruction. 

A great number of patents deal with the derivative of antrachinone [100]. Thermostable and lightfast dye of green colour has been patented [101]. The firm CIBA suggests brown pigments thermostable in PA melt, in the molecule of which two substituted antrachinone residues are condensed by aromatic, more often polycyclic radical of naphthalene type, antrachinone and so on [102,103]. 

Towards the end of the 19th century, many of the newly established firms developed aniline- and triphenylmethane dyestuffs. In 1859, Ciba began the production of fuchsine, which enabled the dyeing of silk. In 1877, BASF was granted the first German patent for a coal tar dye entitled Preparation of Blue Dyestuffs from Dimethylaniline (viz. Methylene Blue) (Fig. 2.2). 

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