Chymase

A Sail, R Matsumoto, HP McNeil, M Karplus, RL Stevens. Three-dimensional models of four mouse mast cell chymases. Identification of proteoglycan-bmdmg regions and protease-specific antigenic epitopes. I Biol Chem 268 9023-9034, 1933. 

Chymase (mast cell protease type II), a chymotrypsin-like protease, is a serine protease found in mucosal mast cells, which catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and of big endothelin 1 (ET1) to ET1 (1-31). 

PA S1 S01.140 Chymase (human-type) Possible drug target in immune-related diseases of lung... 

Musch W, Wege AK, Mannel DN, Hehlgans T Generation and characterization of a-chymase-Cre transgenic mice. Genesis 2008 46 163-166. 29... 

Kaartinen M, Penttila A, Kovanen PT Accumulation of activated mast cells in the shoulder region of human coronary atheroma, the predilection site of atheromatous rupture. Circulation 1994 90 1669. Kaartinen M, Penttila A. Kovanen PT Mast cells of two types differing in neutral protease composition in the human aortic intima. Demonstration of tryptase- and tryptase/chymase-containing mast cells in normal intimas, fatty streaks, and the shoulder region of atheromas. Arterioscler Thromb 1994 14 966. 

As is the case with tryptase, chymase is also stored in mast cell granules. This mediator can activate the angiotensin system converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. With this action it compensates the intravascular loss of volume and the permeability... 

More recently, the same group [13] found positive chymase staining in lung mast cells from postmortem samples after fatal anaphylactic drug reactions. 

Mast cell protease A3 is less well characterized than tryptase and chymase in terms of physiological substrates. It is involved, among its other functions, in angiotensin metabolism. 

Suzuki K Usefulness of serum mast cell-specific chymase levels for postmortem diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Int J Legal Med 2005 119 331-334. 24... 

CCL23 Cathepsin G/ chymase 27-99 Inc. CCRl activity Berahovich et al. (2005)... 

M-CSF Monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor MCt Tryptase-containing mast cell MCtc Tryptase- and chymase-containing mast cell MDA Malondialdehyde MDGF Macrophage-derived growth factor... 

Serine proteases usually show primary specificity (occupation of subsite Si) for positively charged arginine or lysine (trypsin, plasmin, plasminogen activators, thrombin), large hydrophobic side chains of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan (chymotrypsin, cathepsin G, chymase, and subtilisin), or small aliphatic side chains (elastases). Nevertheless, there are a large number of variations and in many cases, other subsites like S2 and S3 are more discriminating while maintaining the... 

He SH, Xie H, Zhang XJ, Wang XJ. Inhibition of histamine release from human mast cells by natural chymase inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004 25 822-826. 

Scudamore, C.L., Thornton, E.M., McMillan, L., Newlands, G.F.J. and Miller, H.R.P. (1995) Release of the mucosal mast cell granule chymase, rat mast cell protease-II, during anaphylaxis is associated with the rapid development of paracellular permeability to macromolecules in rat jejunum. Journal of Experimental Medicine 182, 1871—1881. 

Ang II generated via the chymase pathway (in particular in the human heart, see Fig. 5) is uninfluenced, since the chymase pathways remain unaffected by treatment with ACE-inhibitors. Combination of an ACE-inhibitor and an ATi-receptor antagonist can be thought of as potentially beneficial. 

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