Chronic hyperhomocysteinemia

In addition, it was found that chronic hyperhomocysteinemia impaired performance of rats in a water maze task and the retention of long memory in a passive avoidance task. Furthermore, Hey in high levels may impair spatial navigation. 

Streck EL, Bavaresco CS, Netto CA, Wyse AT. Chronic hyperhomocysteinemia provokes a memory deficit in rats in the Morris water maze task. Behav. Brain Res 2004 153 377-381. 

Load creates hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) The chronic pressure or volume overload by hypertension, aortic stenosis, and aortic vena cava fistula increases Hey by volume retention, in addition, by decreasing the activities of MTHFR, MS, CBS, and CGL enzymes (Figure 3.3). During load Hey chelates the Cu2+ in CytC, Cox,... 

Naruszewicz M, et al. 2006. Hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure Prevalence and prognostic importance - pilot study. Atherosclerosis doi 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.08.014. 

Although, as shown in Table 10.1, there are plausible mechanisms to suggest that homocysteine is a causative factor in cardiovascular disease, it is possible that hyperhomocysteinemia is a result of the renal damage that is an early event in cardiovascular disease, thus a proxy marker of disease rather than a causative factor (Jacobsen, 1998 hangman and Cole, 1999 Kircher and Sinzinger, 2000). in chronic renal failure, hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with cardiovascular disease, probably because of both impaired excretion of homocysteine and impaired activity of betaine homocysteine methyl-transferase elevated plasma dimethylglycine predicts plasma homocysteine (McGregor et al., 2001). 

Cravo ML, Gloria LM, Selhub J, Nadeau MR, Camilo ME, Resende MP et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic alcoholism correlation with folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 status. Am J Clin Nutr... 

Bostom AG, Culleton BE Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic renal disease. J v m Soc Nephrol 1999 10 891-900. 

Evidence from the literature indicates that Hey is an important risk factor for cognitive dysfunction (Miller 2003a,b). It has recently been suggested that chronic administration of Hey to the rats affected both long- and short-term memory (Streck et al 2004) and it was proposed that hyperhomocysteinemia causes memory impairment by the enhancing oxidative stress. 

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