Chromosomal translocations lymphoma-specific

Translocation can also cause gains or losses of chromosomal material and generate new gene products. Simple translocations are characterized by distinctive rearrangements of chromosomal segments in specific neoplastic diseases, including leukemias and lymphomas. These specific translocations are necessary for the development and progression of the neoplasms in which they occur. 

The majority of these lymphomas demonstrate clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. The most common cytogenetic abnormality identified in this lymphoma is deletions in the long arm of chromosome 6 (del(6)(q21)) with a small number of these lymphomas demonstrating t(9 14)(pl3 32). These translocations are not specific for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and have been demonstrated in other B-cell lymphomas. 

T(i i4)(P22 Q32) AND T(i i4)(P22 Q32) These translocations, though quite specific for MALT lymphomas, are only present in about 1% to 2% of cases. The translocation places the BCLIO and gene on chromosome lp22 under the control of the IGH enhancer region on chromosome 14 or under regulation by IgLx. Both translocations result in an overexpression of nuclear BCLIO and similarly resultant in activation of the NF-kB pathway, as does the t(ll 18)(q21 q21). 

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