Chromatogram, illustration

The use of heart-cuts to analyze a sample of 90% evaporated gasoline is illustrated in Figure 15.9. Each of the lettered chromatograms illustrates the further separation of mixture components which is not possible on a single column. The initial... 

Figure 4A. Chromatogram illustrating the studies conducted on the enzymatic conversion of the PSP toxins to decarbamoyl metabolites (appended with an "M" in these figures). Conversion of Cl to dcGTXII (GTX IIM) in a homogenate of littleneck clam tissue after 4 and 48 hr.

HPLC chromatogram illustrating the release of feruloylated material and free ferulic acid when SBP (10 mg) was incubated with a mixture of endo-arabinanase (2 U) and... 

The spectra were recorded in the positive-ion mode in the range of m/z 120-1 500. Some chromatograms illustrating the effect of aldehydes on the interaction of mv3gl and B2-3 -gallate are shown in Fig. 2.120. The chromatograms demonstrate that different aldehydes influence differently the formation of anthocyanin-flavanol pigments. The results of HPLC-MS measurements are compiled in Table 2.94. Because free aldehydes display an unpleasant aroma in Port wine these reactions may improve the quality of wines and contribute to the colour formation [266],... 

A similar extraction and HPLC method has been employed for the investigation of the persistence of GV and LGV in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctuatus) muscle. Some chromatograms illustrating the decrease of GV and LGV concentrations in a catfish sample are... 

Separation of amines was realized in an ODS column (250 x 3 mm i.d. particle size 5 /tm) at 30°C. The flow rate was 0.3 ml/min and amines were detected at 280 nm. Solvents A and B for gradient elution were ACN and 3 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 7). The gradient started with 15 per cent A for 2 min then to 60 per cent A in 50 min. Chromatograms illustrating the separation of amines are shown in Fig. 3.72. It was established that the recoveries of both SFE and MAE were higher than those of traditional solvent extraction, therefore, their application for the analysis of carcinogenic aromatic amines in leather is highly advocated [140],... 

A different HPLC system was developed for the monitoring of anaerobic azo dye degradation. The scheme of the system is shown in Fig. 3.96. The HPLC system was similar to that described in ref. [155], A chromatogram illustrating the separation of the hydrolysed azo dye Reactive black 5 (RB5-H) and its decomposition products is shown in Fig. 3.97. This monitoring technique has also been proposed for the screening of the performance of bioreactors by measuring the composition of waste-water [156],... 

The purity and stability of three dichlorotriazine dyes applied in nonlinear optical materials was checked by RP-HPLC. The chemical structures of the dyes are shown in Fig. 3.131. Analyses were realized in an ODS column (250 X 4.6 mm i.d. particle size 5 jtim) using gradient elution. Aqueous ammonium acetate (50 mM) and methanol were solvents A and B, respectively. The detection wavelength depended on the absorption maxima of the dye. Chromatograms illustrating the decomposition of dyes under alkaline conditions are depicted in Fig. 3.132. It was established that the application of RP-F1PLC for the study of the purity and stability of dyes may facilitate their use in nonlinear optical materials. [179],... 

FIGURE 20 Chromatogram illustrating the concept of peak capacity (P) which is the maximum number of peaks that can be accommodated in a chromatogram. 

FIGURE 23 HPLC chromatogram illustrating the calculation of LOQ at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10. Note that the peak-to-peak noise is often overestimated by the analyst as shown. 

Figure 4.2 Chromatogram illustrating the dual-nature separation selectivity exhibited by IL stationary phases in the separation of a mixture of polar and nonpolar molecules. 1, CH2CI2 2, methyl caproate 3, octyl aldehyde 4, dodecane 5, octanol 6, tridecane 7, naphthalene 8, nitrobenzene 9, tetradecane 10, pentadecane and 11, octanoic acid. Conditions 80°C for 3 min, 10°C/min to 130°C on 10 m [BeCjIm][TfO] column. (From Anderson, J.L. and Armstrong, D.W., Anal. Ckem., 75,4851-4858,2003. With permission.)...

Figure 11.22—Confirmation analysis, a) Spectrum of a mixture (X + Y) and spectrum of Y in the same range (grey region) b) chromatogram illustrating two peaks, the first of which is a unique compound and the second, shifted in time, represents a co-elution. Calculation of the absorbance ratio during elution permits the determination of the purity of eluted compounds. These variations are usually shown by the chromatographic software as coloured zones.

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