Chloroplasts glutamine synthetase

Edwards, J.W. Coruzzi, G.M. (1989). Light and photorespiration act in concert to regulate the expression of the nuclear gene for chloroplast glutamine synthetase. The Plant Cell 1, 241-8. 

HOSHIDA, H., TANAKA, Y., HIBINO, T., HAYASHI, Y., TANAKA, A., TAKABE, T., TAKABE, T., Enhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase, Plant Mol. Biol., 2000, 43, 103-111. 

Lightfoot, D.A., Green, N.K. Cullimore, J.V. (1988). The chloroplast-located glutamine synthetase of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Nucleotide sequence, expression in different organs and uptake into isolated chloroplasts. Plant Molecular Biology 11, 191-202. 

Baron, A. C., Tobin, T. H., WaHsgrove, R. M., and Tobin, A. K. (1994). AmetaboHc control analysis of the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase cycle in isolated barley Elordeum vulgare L.) chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 105, 415-424. 

Quiz et al., 1979). Subcellular localization studies with barley indicate GSi to be localized in the cytosol while GSn is present in chloroplasts. Etiolated leaf tissue contained only GSi and glutamine synthetase of barley roots and seeds eluted as a single peak from DEAE-sephacel coincident with shoot GS. Suggesting GSj to be present in leaves, roots, and seeds while GSu is restricted to green tissues (Mann et al., 1980). 

Furthermore, to nitrite reduction as a source of stromal alkalinity, must be added the rate of ammonium uptake by chloroplasts in photorespiratory cycling and turnover of amino acids independent of photorespiration for reassimilation by glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. 

Haystead, a. Glutamine synthetase in the chloroplasts of Vicia faba. Planta 111, 271 (1973). 

---