Chloropicrin properties

Toxic chemicals tliat could potentially cause a major problem if accidentally released into tlie atmosphere include clilorine, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, chloropicrin, gasoline lead additives, vinyl cliloridc. and benzene. Hiis chapter addresses the process application of some chemicals from the foregoing list, as well as some others that are considered to be highly toxic hydrogen cyanide, sulfuric acid, and etliylene. Process considerations, physical and chemical properties, healtli effects, and metliods of manufacture of tliese chemicals are discussed in conjunction with potential causes of release. 

Figure 3 Distributions of atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and chloropicrin among air, surface water, soils, and aqueous sediments, based on fugacity calculations. Percentages sum to less than 100% because partitioning into fish and suspended sediment was not accounted for (Mackay et al. (1997) reproduced hy permission of CRC Press, Lewis Publishers from Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic...

Tetrachlorodinitroethane has powerful irritant properties, and besides being about six times as toxic as chloropicrin, has about eight times the lachr5miatory power of the latter, according to Nekrassov. 

It is insoluble in water, though it easily dissolves in many organic solvents (alcohol, benzene, carbon disulphide, acetic acid, acetone, ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, etc.). It is also soluble in several of the other war gases, such as phosgene, chloropicrin, etc. Because of this property, it may be used together with these war gases so as to attain a more complete range of effects. 

Chloropicrin has strong lacrimatory properties and is a potent skin irritant. Thus, dermal and eye exposures are the most common routes of chloropicrin toxicity. It is also an inducer of vomiting, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema in humans. As a fumigant, the... 

Properties Colorless liquid chloropicrin-like odor. Bp 101C (23 mm Hg). Darkens on long storage and decomposes with evolution of hydrogen chloride. 

Properties Colorless crystals or dark-brown liquid that slowly becomes semisolid. D 1.363 (40C) (solid), or 1.356 (45C) (liquid), bp 333C (in C02 atm), mp 41C. Decomposed by water (slowly). Soluble in carbon tetrachloride, chloropicrin, phenyldichlo-roarsine almost insoluble in water. 

Physical Properties Chloropicrin is a colorless oil, bp of 112°C, and mp of 69°C, with apungent, stinging odor that has been described as anise-like. Its vapor pressure is approximately 20 mm/Hg at 20°C, and its molecular mass is 164 (Redeman et al., 1948). This liquid has a density of 1.66 g/mL and a vapor density of 5.6 relative to that of air. PS has low solubility in water (approximately 2 g/L), but is quite soluble in typical organic solvents (chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, etc.). Chloropicrin dissolves a variety of organic compounds including, for example, benzoic acid and various resins. 

II. Toxic dose. Methyl bromide is threefold heavier than air and may accumulate in low-lying areas, and it may seep via piping or conduits from fumigated buildings into adjacent structures. It may condense to a liquid at cold temperatures (38.5°F or 3.6°C) and then vaporize when temperatures rise. Methyl bromide gas lacks warning properties, so the lacrimator chloropicrin (2%) is usually added. However, chloropicrin has a different vapor pressure and may dissipate at a different rate, limiting its warning properties. 

S ERPG-2 50ppm odor that is a poor warning property. Chloropicrin,... 

Sulfuiyl fluoride (Vikane, SO2F2 [CAS 2600-79-8]) Irritating to eyes and respiratory tract fatal pulmonary edema has resulted. Acute high exposure causes tremors and convulsions in test animals. Chronic exposures may cause kidney and liver injury and elevated fluoride. See also p 221. 5 ppm 200 ppm Colodess, odoriess gas with no warning properbes. Chloropicrin, a lacrimator. Is often added to provide a warning property. Thermal-breakdown products Include sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride. A widely used fumigant. 

Anstice, P.J.C., and Alder, J.F., The effect of sulphur dioxide on the adsorption properties of activated carbon towards chloropicrin, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 15(7). 541-550 (1997). 

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