Chloroethene , manufacture

Emissions of phosgene most commonly arise as a result of its release during manufacture and use, its formation from the decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons, and its formation from the photochemical oxidation of air-borne chlorinated organic materials, particularly the C, and C chloroalkanes, and chloroethenes. The location and estimation of air emissions from sources of phosgene have been described by the US Environmental Protection Agency [2088b], Catastrophic emissions and accidental spills and leaks are discussed in Section 3.6. 

Although methods for the manufacture of 1,1-dichloroethane are well established, they usually involve a combination of a multi-stage process and severe conditions. In one method of manufacture, ethene is chlorinated to give 1,2-dichloroethane, which is then cracked to give chloroethene, and finally treated v/ith hydrogen chloride to give the 1,1-isomer. The catalysed... 

The heterogeneously catalysed conversion of eth3me (acetylene) into vinyl chloride (chloroethene) by the addition of hydrogen chloride is a reaction important for the manufacture of pol3rvinyl chloride (PVC) [18, 213, 248, 249]. Mercuric chloride, supported on activated carbon, is often used as a catalyst commercially [18, 213, 248-252] but, unfortunately, this catalyst rapidly deactivates. The high rate of deactivation, together with the toxicity associated with mercury compounds, has prompted a search for alternative catalysts [213,248,249,251,252]. 

Manufacture of Chloroethene and its Polymers (Vinyl Chloride and Poly(Vinyl Chloride)) and the REACH Obligations - British Plastics Federation, UK... 

The production of ethyl chloride from ethylene and hydrogen chloride, mainly for tetraethyl lead manufacture, is expected to fall rapidly. Ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane) and vinyl chloride (chloroethene) have already been discussed in section 12.3.3.2. These two materials are also starting points for the production of more highly chlorinated C2 products. The following scheme illustrates routes used for vinylidene dichloride (1,1-dichloroethene) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (also known as methylchloroform in the U.S.A.) ... 

Alkenes are important industrial chemicals, particularly as raw materialsforthe manufacture of polymers. Ethene can be used to make poly(ethene). Ethene is used to make chloroethene, which is then used to make poly(chloroethene), and ethene is also used to make tetrafluoroethene, which is used to make poly(tetrafluoroethene). a Use displayed formulae to write an equation forthe formation of poly(chloroethene)from chloroethene. [3]... 

Chlorine is the most important halogen. About 40 million tonnes are consumed each year, mainly in the synthesis of organochlorine compounds, many of which are used as solvents or converted into plastics. Figure 6.4 shows the distribution of chlorine consumption the largest single use is in the manufacture of chlorinated plastics. For example, it is used to make vinyl chloride (chloroethene) from ethylene (ethene) ... 

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