Chlorin molecules, structures

A) The Lewis structure of a chlorine molecule (B) The formal counting of electrons in a chlorine molecule for oxidation number purposes... 

Slade and Jonassen (192) treated ethyleneplatinous chloride, [Pt2Cl4-(C2H4)2], with butadiene, and obtained an unstable complex to which they ascribed the chlorine-bridged structure (XXXIV), on the evidence that its infrared spectrum showed a weak absorption at 1608 cm-1 due to the free double bond of each butadiene molecule. 

The complex is dimeric and has a chlorine-bridged structure in which each tetramethylcyclobutadiene molecule is bound to a nickel atom by its four 7r-electrons (71). The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the complex... 

The normal Si—Cl distance 2.01 A or 2.02 A has been reported for several molecules, in addition to SiCl, HRiCl. and CHaSiCU, in which two or three chlorine atoms are attached to one silicon atom SiClaSIT, HjSiClj, Si2Cl8, SijCleO, and (CHa)sSiCla. For all of these molecules structures of the type Cl i Ol-1 can be written, and the same amount of double-bond character as in SiCl< is to be expected. 

Two nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule are held together more strongly than the two chlorine atoms in a chlorine molecule. Explain this fact by comparing their respective Lewis structures. 

Chlorine is a greenish gas. It is moderately soluble in water with which it reacts (see page 476). When chlorine is passed into dilute solutions of CaCl2 at 0°, feathery crystals of chlorine hydrate, Cl2 TJHjO, are formed. This substance is a clathrate of the gas-hydrate type (see page 160), having all medium holes and 20% of the small holes in the structure filled with chlorine molecules. 

Fig 11.39 Structural changes observed during the reaction of a chlorine molecule with a silicon surface, (Figure redrawn from Stich I, A De Vita, M C Payne, M ] Gillan and L ] Clarke 1994 Surface Dissociation from First Principles Dynamics and Chemistry Physical Review B49 8076-8085 )... 

A second class of vinyl monomers has the structure CH2=CXY. An example of this is the vinylidene chloride monomer (Fig. 3.14(a)), where both X and Y are chlorine molecules, resulting in poly(vinylidene chloride). Fig. 3.14(b)). 

Lewis structures (electron dot diagrams) are shown in Figure 4.25 for the chlorine molecule, CI2. Note that the lone (unshared) pairs of electrons must be represented and that Cl-Cl is not a Lewis structure since it does not display the lone pairs of the two chlorine atoms. Lewis structures only include the outer or valence electrons since these are the electrons involved in bonding. 

Figure 4.25 Lewis structures (electron dot diagrams) for the chlorine molecule, Cb... 

Matsumi, Y., Tonokura, K., Kawasaki, M. Fine-structure branching ratios and Doppler profiles of Cl( Pj) photofragments from photodissociation of the chlorine molecule near and in the ultraviolet region. J. Chem. Phys. 97, 1065-1071 (1992)... 

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