Chloride ground-water compositions

Chlorine in the earth crust is not very abimdant and it is highly dispersed. Small amounts of this element are in the composition of numerous minerals and rocks. However, main source are chlorides of alkali and alkali-earth metals, first of all halite NaCl. Rarer are potassium, calcium, magnesium chlorides bischofite, carnallite, sylvin, sylvinite, kainite and other evaporite or lake salt. The important source of chlorine in ground water is also sea water. 

The residue from the chloridised speiss, after extraction of soluble cobalt and nickel salts, is extracted with sodium thiosulphate, to dissolve out silver chloride, which is recovered as the sulphide and reduced to metal. The residue is dried, ground, and smelted with quartz to remove most of the iron as a slag. This slag is reworked with more ore in the blast-furnaces, as it contains silver and cobalt. The new speiss simultaneoiisly produced is treated as described above for recovering cobalt and nickel, copper, and silver. The final residue is dried, mixed with 20 per cent, of sodium nitrate and 10 per cent, of sodium carbonate, and roasted in reverberatory furnace to convert the arsenic into sodium arsenate, which is extracted with hot water. The dried residue has the following average composition ... 

The infrared spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer model 237 grating spectrometer. Alkali halide and silver chloride cell windows were used with appropriate Teflon spacers to obtain comparable band intensities from several concentrations of PEO in benzene and deuterium oxide. A variable path cell was used in the reference beam to compensate for solvent absorption in the spectra of benzene solutions with low concentrations of PEO. Deuterium oxide was used instead of water as a solvent because, in the spectral regions of interest, it contributed less back-ground absorption. All solution compositions are given in volume per cent. 

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